{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:13:42Z","timestamp":1791357222048,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Emer Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The aim of this study was to describe characteristics of commercial sexual exploitation of children\/child sex trafficking (CSEC\/CST) victims and to develop a screening tool to identify victims among a high-risk adolescent population.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, patients aged 12 to 18 years who presented to 1 of 3 metropolitan pediatric emergency departments or 1 child protection clinic and who were identified as victims of CSEC\/CST were compared with similar-aged patients with allegations of acute sexual assault\/sexual abuse (ASA) without evidence of CSEC\/CST. The 2 groups were compared on variables related to medical and reproductive history, high-risk behavior, mental health symptoms, and injury history. After univariate analysis, a subset of candidate variables was subjected to multivariable logistic regression to identify an optimum set of 5 to 7 screening items.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Of 108 study participants, 25 comprised the CSEC\/CST group, and 83 comprised the ASA group. Average (SD) age was 15.4 (1.8) years for CSEC\/CST patients and 14.8 (1.6) years for ASA patients; 100% of the CSEC\/CST and 95% of the ASA patients were female. The 2 groups differed significantly on 16 variables involving reproductive history, high-risk behavior, sexually transmitted infections, and previous experience with violence. A 6-item screen was constructed, and a cutoff score of 2 positive answers had a sensitivity of 92%, specificity of 73%, positive predictive value of 51%, and negative predictive value of 97%.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Adolescent CSEC\/CST victims differ from ASA victims without evidence of CSEC\/CST across several domains. A 6-item screen effectively identifies CSEC\/CST victims in a high-risk adolescent population.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/pec.0000000000000602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,24]],"date-time":"2015-11-24T16:33:46Z","timestamp":1448382826000},"page":"33-37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":133,"title":["A Short Screening Tool to Identify Victims of Child Sex Trafficking in the Health Care Setting"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"V. Jordan","family":"Greenbaum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and \u2020Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Dodd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and \u2020Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"McCracken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and \u2020Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"bib4-20231023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.020693","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of exchanging sex for drugs or money among adolescents in the United States","volume":"82","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"bib6-20231023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001224","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001224","article-title":"Prevalence and risk of violence and the physical, mental, and sexual health problems associated with human trafficking: systematic review","volume":"9","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"bib7-20231023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-013-9837-4","article-title":"An international comparative public health analysis of sex trafficking of women and girls in eight cities: achieving a more effective health sector response","volume":"90","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"key":"bib8-20231023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-13-204","article-title":"Risk factors for mental disorders in women survivors of human trafficking: a historical cohort study","volume":"13","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"bib9-20231023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260512469102","article-title":"Health outcomes among women trafficked for sex in the United States: a closer look","volume":"28","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"key":"bib11-20231023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1300\/J189v02n03_03","article-title":"Prostitution and trafficking in nine countries: an update on violence and posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"2","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Trauma Practice"},{"key":"bib12-20231023","article-title":"Sex Trafficking of Women in the United States: International and Domestic Trends","year":"2001"},{"key":"bib13-20231023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1177\/107780120200800902","article-title":"Everyday occurrence: violence in the lives of girls exploited through prostitution","volume":"8","year":"2002","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"key":"bib16-20231023","first-page":"61","article-title":"The health consequences of sex trafficking and their implications for identifying victims in healthcare facilities","volume":"23","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Health Law"},{"key":"bib19-20231023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1002\/car.743","article-title":"Youth prostitution: a literature review","volume":"11","year":"2002","journal-title":"Child Abuse Review"},{"key":"bib24-20231023","article-title":"Women are victims, men make choices: the invisibility of men and boys in the global sex trade","volume":"25","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gend Issues"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Emergency Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00006565-201801000-00008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T02:10:19Z","timestamp":1698027019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00006565-201801000-00008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/pec.0000000000000602","relation":{},"ISSN":["1535-1815","0749-5161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1535-1815","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0749-5161","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}}}