{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:18:47Z","timestamp":1790191127555,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Emer Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Migraine headaches are common in the pediatric emergency department. The mainstay of abortive treatment consists of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories and dopamine antagonists. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 3 commonly used dopamine antagonists to abort pediatric migraine.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This was a retrospective cohort study of all patients who presented to the pediatric emergency department at a tertiary care pediatric hospital between January 2010 and December 2013. Patients were treated for a migraine headache with a combination of ketorolac and one of the following dopamine antagonists: prochlorperazine, metoclopramide, or promethazine. The primary outcome was treatment failure and receiving non\u2013evidence-based treatment defined by the need for opioids. Secondary outcomes included pain score reduction and return visit within 48 hours.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>There were 57 patients during this period with 67 visits that met inclusion criteria: 27 (40.3%) visits in which patients were treated with prochlorperazine, 23 (34.3%) visits in which patients were treated with metoclopramide, and 17 (25.4%) visits in which patients were treated with promethazine. Across visits, the mean age was 14.5 years, and 63% were women. Opioids were given for treatment failure in 8.7% of visits in which patients received prochlorperazine, 25% in which patients received metoclopramide, and 42.8% in which patients received promethazine. Patients treated with promethazine had significantly higher odds of needing opioids and experiencing less than 50% reduction in pain score compared with prochlorperazine after adjusting for patient characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study suggests variable efficacy among 3 commonly used dopamine antagonists for pediatric migraine headache. Promethazine seems least effective and results in higher use of opioids compared with other available dopamine antagonists.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/pec.0000000000000718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,13]],"date-time":"2016-05-13T11:28:15Z","timestamp":1463138895000},"page":"165-168","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Relative Effectiveness of Dopamine Antagonists for Pediatric Migraine in the Emergency Department"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"David C.","family":"Sheridan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; and \u2020Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Laurie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; and \u2020Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; and \u2020Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongwei","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; and \u2020Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew L.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; and \u2020Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O. John","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; and \u2020Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garth D.","family":"Meckler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; and \u2020Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"bib1-20230930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1053\/spen.2001.23331","article-title":"Headache in the pediatric emergency department","volume":"8","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin 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