{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T23:07:34Z","timestamp":1765667254156,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Emer Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>We describe 3 infants with skull fractures that involved more than 1 skull bone. On further evaluation, 2 of the 3 infants had additional fractures at other sites of the body and the third infant had concerning bruising of the face. Although an accidental mechanism of injury was initially given as the history in each case, law enforcement investigations led all 3 fathers to confess to crushing their infants' skulls out of frustration. These crushes were caused by their arms or hands. Bilateral skull fractures or those involving more than 1 skull bone can be seen in falls as well as in crush injuries. A crush-like pattern of injury, in the absence of a clear and plausible accidental mechanism, should raise concerns for possible physical abuse especially in nonambulatory infants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/pec.0000000000001795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T13:57:52Z","timestamp":1552917472000},"page":"e872-e874","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["3 Cases of Inflicted Skull Crush Injuries in Infants"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Emily C.B.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcella M.","family":"Donaruma-Kwoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey P.","family":"Otjen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth W.","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib2-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-306803","article-title":"Biomechanical characteristics of head injuries from falls in children younger than 48 months","volume":"101","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"bib3-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199807000-00039","article-title":"Bilateral pediatric skull fractures: accident or abuse?","volume":"45","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"bib4-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199501000-00010","article-title":"The medicolegal implications of bilateral cranial fractures in infants","volume":"38","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"bib5-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.12.1.52","article-title":"Crushing injuries to the skull; clinical and experimental observations","volume":"12","year":"1949","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"bib6-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.100.4.0645","article-title":"Bitemporal head crush injuries: clinical and radiological features of a distinctive type of head injury","volume":"100","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"bib7-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389901400803","article-title":"Crush head injuries in infants and young children Neurologic and neuropsychologic sequelae","volume":"14","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"bib8-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2010.01475.x","article-title":"Characteristics and prediction of cranial crush injuries in children","volume":"55","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"bib9-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2012.02.005","article-title":"Fatal pediatric head injury due to toppled television: does the injury pattern overlap with abusive head trauma?","volume":"14","year":"2012","journal-title":"Leg Med (Tokyo)"},{"key":"bib10-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-016-9841-z","article-title":"Skin lesions and other associated findings in children with abusive head trauma","volume":"31","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Fam Violence"},{"key":"bib11-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000196932.11384.ac","article-title":"Clinical analysis of seven patients of crushing head injury","volume":"60","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"bib12-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199509000-00005","article-title":"Crush injuries to the head in children","volume":"37","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"bib13-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-012-1864-z","article-title":"Pediatric crushing head injury: biomechanics and clinical features of an uncommon type of craniocerebral trauma","volume":"28","year":"2012","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"bib14-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2008.11.006","article-title":"Finite element model of ocular injury in abusive head trauma","volume":"13","year":"2009","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"bib15-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-1220","article-title":"Retinal hemorrhage in abusive head trauma","volume":"126","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Emergency Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/PEC.0000000000001795","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]],"date-time":"2025-05-04T20:04:46Z","timestamp":1746389086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/PEC.0000000000001795"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/pec.0000000000001795","relation":{},"ISSN":["1535-1815","0749-5161"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1535-1815"},{"type":"print","value":"0749-5161"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]]}}}