{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T05:30:14Z","timestamp":1785303014874,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Emer Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Occult pneumothoraces (OPTXs) are defined by air within the pleural space that is not visible on conventional chest radiographs (CXR). The aim of this study was to understand how frequently the Extended Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (eFAST) examination identifies occult PTX in a pediatric blunt trauma population as compared with a criterion standard of chest computed tomography (CCT).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study is a secondary analysis of blunt trauma patients younger than 18 years who underwent CCT at Los Angeles County +USC Medical Center Emergency Department from October 2015 to April 2017. The eFAST examination was performed and documented by an emergency medicine resident with attending oversight or by an emergency medicine attending for each trauma. The eFAST results were reviewed for patients diagnosed with small or trace pneumothoraces identified on CCT.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Of 168 pediatric trauma patients undergoing CCT, 16 had OPTXs not seen on CXR and 4 patients had a small\/trace PTX without a corresponding CXR performed. None were identified on eFAST.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Although the sample size in this data set was small, our eFAST examinations identified none of 16 proven and 4 presumed OPTXs. The standard eFAST examination performed poorly in the detection of OPTXs in this single-center study of pediatric blunt trauma victims.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/pec.0000000000002303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]],"date-time":"2020-12-04T04:01:48Z","timestamp":1607054508000},"page":"e599-e601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Occult Pneumothorax Identification on Extended Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma Examination in Children"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Malek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genevieve","family":"Santillanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Mailhot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilene","family":"Claudius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-2897-4-12","article-title":"Occult pneumothorax, revisited","volume":"4","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Trauma Manag Outcomes"},{"key":"bib2-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12344","article-title":"Occult pneumothoraces in children with blunt torso trauma","volume":"21","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"bib3-20250504","first-page":"1019","article-title":"Blunt traumatic occult pneumothorax: is observation safe?\u2014results of a prospective, AAST multicenter study","volume":"70","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"bib4-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2011.09.037","article-title":"Management of pediatric occult pneumothorax in blunt trauma: a subgroup analysis of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma multicenter prospective observational study","volume":"47","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"bib5-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480807401016","article-title":"Successful management of occult pneumothorax without tube thoracostomy despite positive pressure ventilation","volume":"74","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"bib6-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200103000-00017","article-title":"Prevalence and importance of pneumothoraces visualized on abdominal computed tomographic scan in children with blunt trauma","volume":"50","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"bib7-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1503\/cjs.009314","article-title":"Occult pneumothoraces in ventilated pediatric trauma patients: a review","volume":"58","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"bib8-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2010.04.030","article-title":"Management of traumatic occult pneumothorax","volume":"81","year":"2010","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"bib9-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200008000-00015","article-title":"Detection of occult pneumothoraces on abdominal computed tomographic scans in trauma patients","volume":"49","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"bib10-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-016-0061-x","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of oblique chest radiograph for occult pneumothorax: comparison with ultrasonography","volume":"11","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"key":"bib11-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000202462.96207.18","article-title":"Are occult pneumothoraces truly occult or simply missed?","volume":"60","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"bib12-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2700.93116","article-title":"Sonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax","volume":"5","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Emerg Trauma Shock"},{"key":"bib13-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R208","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13016","article-title":"Pleural ultrasonography versus chest radiography for the diagnosis of pneumothorax: review of the literature and meta-analysis","volume":"17","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"bib14-20250504","first-page":"29","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of chest ultrasonography versus chest radiography for identification of pneumothorax: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tanaffos"},{"key":"bib15-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-1595","article-title":"Occult traumatic pneumothorax: diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasonography in the emergency department","volume":"133","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"bib16-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000133565.88871.E4","article-title":"Hand-held thoracic sonography for detecting post-traumatic pneumothoraces: the Extended Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (eFAST)","volume":"57","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Trauma"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Emergency Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/PEC.0000000000002303","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]],"date-time":"2025-05-04T18:08:53Z","timestamp":1746382133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/PEC.0000000000002303"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/pec.0000000000002303","relation":{},"ISSN":["1535-1815","0749-5161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1535-1815","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0749-5161","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]}}}