{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T03:06:02Z","timestamp":1771643162074,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Emer Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Acute poisoning is a significant and preventable cause of mortality among children internationally. The aims of this study were to assess the case fatality rate of children admitted to an inner-city hospital for acute poisoning and to compare the demographics and source of poisoning of fatal cases.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This was a retrospective review of patient data recorded in the Hospital Information System for Loghman Hakim Hospital, that is, the central referral hospital for poisoning in Tehran, Iran. We searched Hospital Information System for all admissions for poisoning in children (age, 0\u201312 years) over the 10-year period from March 2010 to March 2020, and all cases were included in the analysis. We determined the case fatality rate by dividing the number of fatal cases by the number of included cases.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Of 8158 children admitted for poisoning, 28 cases (0.3%) died, among whom 19 (67.9%) were boys and 9 (32.1%) girls. The median age was 42 months, ranging from 2 to 144 months. Twenty-two cases (78.6%) were 0 to 5 years old. The most common cause of mortality in acute poisoning was methadone (n = 13, 46.4%), followed by raw opium (n = 5, 17.9%), aluminum phosphide, carbon monoxide, and wild mushrooms (n = 2 deaths each, 7.1%). Tramadol, colchicine, and petroleum accounted for 1 death each (3.6%).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Mortality from unintentional poisoning disproportionately affects children younger than 5 years. Opioids (ie, methadone, opium, tramadol) accounted for two thirds of deaths in our sample. Our findings highlight the importance of educating parents that any toxic materials (licit or illicit) must be stored out of reach for children.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/pec.0000000000002429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T16:32:56Z","timestamp":1618245176000},"page":"e659-e663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Fatal Outcome in Acutely Poisoned Children With Hospitalization"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Narges","family":"Gholami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Loghman Hakim Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College London, National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fariba","family":"Farnaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Loghman Hakim Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Hosseini Yazdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kish Institute of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nasim","family":"Zamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Hassanian-Moghaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib2-20250504","first-page":"37","article-title":"Profile of poisoning in children and adolescents at a North Indian tertiary care centre","volume":"13","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Indian Acad Clin Med"},{"key":"bib3-20250504","first-page":"40","article-title":"Profile of poisoning in children","volume":"11","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Oncall J"},{"key":"bib4-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2014.04.001","article-title":"Pattern of acute poisonings in children below 15 years\u2014a study from Mangalore, South India","volume":"25","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"key":"bib5-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2015.1112014","article-title":"Epidemiology of acute poisoning in children presenting to the poisoning treatment center at Ain Shams University in Cairo, Egypt, 2009\u20132013","volume":"54","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"key":"bib6-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2019016","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2019016","article-title":"Risk factors contributing to the incidence and mortality of acute childhood poisoning in emergency department patients in Iran: a hospital-based casecontrol study","volume":"41","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiol Health"},{"key":"bib7-20250504","first-page":"e69815","article-title":"Injury-related pediatric mortality in Shiraz, Iran: a community-based survey","volume":"20","year":"2019","journal-title":"Shiraz E-Medical J"},{"key":"bib8-20250504","first-page":"251","article-title":"Thirty-three-year experience on childhood poisoning","volume":"54","year":"2012","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"key":"bib9-20250504","first-page":"990","article-title":"An epidemiologic and demographic survey of poisoning in Southwest of Iran","volume":"12","year":"2012","journal-title":"Middle East J Sci Res"},{"key":"bib10-20250504","first-page":"25","article-title":"Trends of poisoning among children at kasturba hospital, Manipal","volume":"3","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nitte University J Health Sc"},{"key":"bib11-20250504","first-page":"192","article-title":"Pattern of acute pediatric poisonings in Birjand City, East of Iran","volume":"5","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Med Toxicol Forensic Med"},{"key":"bib12-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2019.02.025","article-title":"Trend of fatal poisoning at national and provincial levels in Iran from 1990 to 2015","volume":"170","year":"2019","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"bib13-20250504","first-page":"479","article-title":"Acute poisoning in children; 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