{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T05:23:16Z","timestamp":1751952196665,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Emer Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Shock remains a leading proximate cause of death in children. Children in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries present with shock from a wide range of pathologies. Routine physiologic parameters may not reflect underlying physiology. No previous work has systematically described ultrasound findings in children with shock in an SSA country. We set out to perform focused cardiac ultrasound (FOCUS) on children with shock in Rwanda and describe the findings in this pilot study.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In a prospective descriptive study, we trained pediatric residents to perform FOCUS on children presenting with shock to an urban tertiary care pediatric emergency department in Kigali, Rwanda. Images were transmitted via cellphone network and reviewed by experts. Primary outcome was expert's description of the FOCUS findings. Secondary outcomes included mortality at 48-hour, change in assessment and treatment after FOCUS, and agreement of FOCUS findings between residents and experts.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Between January 2020 and April 2020, 25 subjects were enrolled by 8 residents. Eleven of 25 (44%) were newly diagnosed with acquired or congenital heart disease. The 48-hour mortality rate was higher in this group compared with those without heart disease (8 of 11 vs 1 of 14). The resident reported changing assessment and treatment based on FOCUS findings in 60% of patients (15 of 25). There was good to excellent agreements between residents and FOCUS experts on left ventricle function, pericardial effusion, and intravascular volume.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In children presenting with signs and symptoms of shock in SSA, one could perform a screening FOCUS to distinguish between hypovolemic and cardiogenic shock.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/pec.0000000000002546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T19:42:38Z","timestamp":1632771758000},"page":"e1198-e1200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Focused Cardiac Ultrasound Findings in Children Presenting With Shock to a Tertiary Care Hospital in Rwanda"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Mutabandama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"McCall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Umuhoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1101549","article-title":"Mortality after fluid bolus in African children with severe infection","volume":"364","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"bib2-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-68","article-title":"Exploring mechanisms of excess mortality with early fluid resuscitation: insights from the FEAST trial","volume":"11","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"bib3-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2010.00873.x","article-title":"Use of bedside ultrasound to assess degree of dehydration in children with gastroenteritis","volume":"17","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acad Emerg 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clinical decision making in Rwanda hospitals","volume":"36","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Emergency Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/PEC.0000000000002546","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]],"date-time":"2025-05-04T18:06:36Z","timestamp":1746381996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/PEC.0000000000002546"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/pec.0000000000002546","relation":{},"ISSN":["1535-1815","0749-5161"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1535-1815"},{"type":"print","value":"0749-5161"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]}}}