{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T22:58:46Z","timestamp":1784242726711,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Emer Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The aim of the present study was to determine the accuracy of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) for detecting skull fractures and to evaluate sonographic measurements of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and ONSD\/eyeball vertical diameter (EVD) ratios in children with head trauma.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Children who presented with local signs of head trauma and underwent cranial computed tomography (CT) were enrolled. The suspected area was examined by POCUS to identify a skull fracture, and then the ONSD at 3 mm posterior to the globe and the EVD were measured. Ratios of ONSD measurement at 3 mm\/EVD were reported. All ONSD measurements and ratios were calculated from cranial CT images.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>There were 112 children enrolled in the study. The sensitivity and specificity of POCUS for skull fractures was 93.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 82.8\u201398.6) and 96.8% (95% CI, 89.1\u201399.6), whereas the positive predictive value was 95.7% (95% CI, 85.1\u201398.8), and the negative predictive value was 95.3% (95% CI, 87.3\u201398.4). There was high agreement between POCUS and CT for identifying skull fractures (\u03ba, 0.90 [\u00b10.04]). In the group without elevated intracranial pressure findings on CT, patients with space-occupying lesions (SOLs) had higher sonographic ONSD measurements and ratios (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) compared with cases without SOLs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>When used with clinical decision rules to minimize the risk for clinically important traumatic brain injury, POCUS seems to be a promising tool to detect skull fractures and calculate ONSD measurements and rates to predict the risk for SOLs and perform further risk stratification of children with minor head trauma.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/pec.0000000000002895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T16:33:36Z","timestamp":1675182816000},"page":"91-97","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Role of Ultrasound in Pediatric Skull Fractures"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Nihan","family":"\u015e\u0131k","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Durg\u00fcl","family":"Y\u0131lmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Duman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib2-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2001.109440","article-title":"Pediatric minor head trauma","volume":"37","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"bib3-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(97)70158-6","article-title":"Infants with isolated skull fracture: what are their clinical characteristics, and do they require hospitalization?","volume":"30","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"bib4-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e851","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2858","article-title":"Isolated linear skull fractures in children with blunt head trauma","volume":"135","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"bib5-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.104.4.861","article-title":"Clinical indicators of intracranial injury in head-injured infants","volume":"104","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"bib6-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e3181ef0440","article-title":"Validation of a clinical score to predict skull fracture in head-injured infants","volume":"26","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"bib7-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.027722","article-title":"A meta-analysis of variables that predict significant intracranial injury in minor head trauma","volume":"89","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"bib8-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.04.041","article-title":"Growing skull fracture after minor closed-head injury","volume":"151","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"bib9-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922812446009","article-title":"Nondepressed linear skull fractures in children younger than 2 years: is computed tomography always necessary?","volume":"51","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"key":"bib10-20250504","first-page":"e1","article-title":"The unique features of traumatic brain injury in children. 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