{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:36:05Z","timestamp":1790771765302,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Emer Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to determine the association between race and analgesic administration for children with long bone fracture (LBF) in US emergency departments. Previous studies have shown conflicting results regarding association between race and analgesic administration for pediatric LBFs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective analysis of pediatric emergency department visits for LBF using the 2011\u20132019 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey-Emergency Department. We investigated the diagnostic workup and analgesic prescription rate among White, Black, and other pediatric emergency department visits for LBF.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Of the estimated 292 million pediatric visits to US emergency departments from 2011 to 2019, 3.1% were LBFs. Black children were less likely to be seen for a LBF than White or other children (1.8% vs 3.6% and 3.1%, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). There was no association between race and subjective pain scale (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.998), triage severity (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.980), imaging (x-ray, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.612; computed tomography scan, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.291), or analgesic administration (opioids, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.068; nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs\/acetaminophen, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.750). Trend analysis showed a significant decrease in opioid administration for pediatric LBF from 2011 to 2019 (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), with 33.0% receiving opioids.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>There was no association between race and analgesic administration, including opioids, or diagnostic workup in pediatric LBF. In addition, there was a significant downtrend in opioid administration for pediatric LBF from 2011 to 2019.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/pec.0000000000002958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T12:11:57Z","timestamp":1683720717000},"page":"393-396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association Between Race and Usage of Pain Medications in Children With Long Bone Fractures in US Emergency Departments, 2011\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Devon","family":"Pekas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wyatt","family":"Telken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abe E.","family":"Sahmoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Beal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"bib2-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.7.932","article-title":"The epidemiology of nonfatal injuries among US children and youth","volume":"85","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"bib3-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2.1.16","article-title":"Annual incidence of 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