{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T16:14:57Z","timestamp":1746116097565,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"\n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n The primary aim of this study was to characterize pediatric golf cart injuries at our center including demographic, clinic, and outcome data. The secondary outcomes explored were associations between patient and driver age and mechanism of injury with hospital admission, length of stay, and surgical interventions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n We conducted a retrospective analysis of golf cart injuries at a pediatric American College of Surgeons Level I trauma center (2013-2023). Demographic information, mechanism of injury, location in the cart, driver age, injury locations and types, and other clinical factors were assessed. Possible differences in hospital admission, length of stay, and surgical intervention were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n There were 156 patients who sustained golf cart injuries, with 39% requiring trauma activation upon initial presentation. The majority of patients were 13 years old or younger (75.6%), injured from a fall from the cart (55.8%), and admitted to the hospital (51.9%). Over half of the patients had more than one injury type, most commonly affected areas were head, neck, or face (61.5%) and extremities (66.7%). There was a disproportionate number of privately insured patients who presented with golf cart-related injuries compared with the general emergency department population (64.1 vs. 18.5%, 45.6% difference, 95% CI: 37.8%-52.7%, P<\/jats:italic><0.0001). Over half (63%) of patients with a documented driver age were in golf carts driven by a minor, with a median driver age of 13 years old. Patients in accidents where the drivers were minors were more likely to be admitted to the hospital (P<\/jats:italic><0.001).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Golf carts are a considerable source of injury for our pediatric population, with some accidents leading to serious morbidity. There is a need for consistent safety regulation of golf carts and increased public knowledge of the hazards they pose to children.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/pec.0000000000003350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T13:00:33Z","timestamp":1738846833000},"page":"383-387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pediatric Golf Cart Injuries and Morbidity: A Single-Center Trauma Experience"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4135-3809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaitlyn","family":"Boggs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Wortham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathew J.","family":"Gregoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Pruitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas A.","family":"McDuffie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.04.042","article-title":"Pediatric golf cart trauma: not par for the course","volume":"55","author":"Tracy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"R2-20250430","first-page":"101003","article-title":"Using golf carts as a transportation mode: Who does it?","volume":"23","author":"Barrett","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transp Res Interdiscip Perspect"},{"key":"R4-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2018.03.002","article-title":"Characterization of pediatric golf cart injuries to guide injury prevention efforts","volume":"36","author":"Starnes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"R5-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2006.04.023","article-title":"Braking hazards of golf cars and low speed vehicles","volume":"38","author":"Seluga","year":"2006","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"R6-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2008.03.029","article-title":"Golf cart-related injuries in the US","volume":"35","author":"Watson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"R8-20250430","first-page":"17","article-title":"Fore! Golf carts are dangerous for children: The next time you take your little Tiger Woods to the golf course, consider walking to the next hole","volume":"29","author":"Ahmad","year":"2008","journal-title":"AAP News"},{"key":"R10-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.06.041","article-title":"Pediatric head and neck injuries due to golf cart trauma","volume":"88","author":"Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"R14-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2010.04.012","article-title":"Validating the Injury Severity Score (ISS) in different populations: ISS predicts mortality better among Hispanics and females","volume":"166","author":"Bolorunduro","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"R15-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000004273","article-title":"Identifying community safety and policy-based injury prevention opportunities to reduce golf cart injuries","volume":"97","author":"DeJesus","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"R16-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001286","DOI":"10.1136\/tsaco-2023-001286","article-title":"Golf cart injuries have similar severity to all-terrain vehicle injuries in children: a multicenter comparison over a 5-year period","volume":"9","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trauma Surg Acute Care Open [Internet]"},{"key":"R17-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E44","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0000000000000884","article-title":"Golf cart injuries in children: the experience of trauma centers in a single state in the USA","volume":"31","author":"Garay","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B [Internet]"},{"key":"R18-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2020.10.002","article-title":"Fun ride or risky transport: golf cart-related injuries treated in US emergency departments from 2007 through 2017","volume":"75","author":"Horvath","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Safety Res [Internet]"},{"key":"R20-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.07.025","article-title":"Ejection of a rear facing, golf cart passenger","volume":"59","author":"Schau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"R21-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2005.03.022","article-title":"Low speed vehicle passenger ejection restraint effectiveness","volume":"37","author":"Seluga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"R22-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.04.017","article-title":"A parametric study of golf car and personal transport vehicle braking stability and their deficiencies","volume":"41","author":"Seluga","year":"2009","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"R23-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2012.11.043","article-title":"Etiologies of pediatric craniofacial injuries: a comparison of injuries involving all-terrain vehicles and golf carts","volume":"77","author":"White","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol [Internet]"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Emergency Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/PEC.0000000000003350","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T09:00:52Z","timestamp":1746003652000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/PEC.0000000000003350"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/pec.0000000000003350","relation":{},"ISSN":["0749-5161","1535-1815"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0749-5161"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1535-1815"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-26","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-07","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}