{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:10:52Z","timestamp":1755216652276,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","funder":[{"name":"Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB), Emergency Medical Services for Children (EMSC) Targeted Issues Grant Program","award":["H34MC26201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H34MC26201"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011301","name":"Children\u2019s Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CRI19701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRI19701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011301","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Pain management remains suboptimal across the prehospital and the emergency department (ED) settings. Racial and ethnic disparities in the timing of analgesia among children transported to EDs via emergency medical services (EMS) are not known. We investigated disparities in the timing of ED pain management for injured children transported by EMS.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We conducted a secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective observational study of children transported via EMS to 10 pediatric EDs. We analyzed the timing of ED analgesia for injured children by race and ethnicity: non-Hispanic White (NH-White), non-Hispanic Black (NH-Black), Hispanic, and Other or Multiracial. We stratified doses of ED analgesia by opioids, nonopioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and other analgesic medications regardless of routes of administration.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Among 480 eligible injured children, 353 (73.5%) received ED analgesia and 150 (31.3%) received opioid analgesia in the ED after EMS transport. The median time to first administration of any ED analgesia was 39 minutes (range, 2\u00a0min to 6\u00a0h). Hispanic children received their first dose of any ED analgesia 55 minutes (minimum-maximum, 2 to 369) into their ED care, compared with 38 minutes (4 to 379) for NH-Black, 37 minutes (4 to 345) for NH-White, and 32 minutes (9 to 188) for children of Other or Multiracial groups (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>=0.0148). There were no statistical differences in the time to first ED opioid analgesia by race and ethnicity (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>=0.3270). Patients with long bone fractures (hazard ratio: 1.56, 1.18-2.06) and those who had received EMS opioids (1.43, 1.07-1.91) were more likely to receive both any analgesia and opioid analgesia in the ED.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Among injured children across the country transported by EMS to pediatric EDs, there were race and ethnicity differences with respect to time to any ED analgesia; however, no delay for ED opioids. Further research is needed to understand and mitigate potential root causes of these disparities.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/pec.0000000000003389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T09:01:17Z","timestamp":1747904477000},"page":"606-611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Racial and Ethnic Differences in ED Analgesia Among Injured Children Transported Via EMS"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Sarahjean","family":"Kerolle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorin R.","family":"Browne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruta","family":"Brazauskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Adelgais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kunal","family":"Chadha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todd P.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew I.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Northwell Hofstra School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. Brooke","family":"Lerner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie C.","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey S.","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christyn F.","family":"Magill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Atrium Health\u2019s Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel K.","family":"Nishijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manish I.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamilton P.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corrie E.","family":"Chumpitazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"for the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) Emergency Medical Services Affiliate 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