{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:10:52Z","timestamp":1755216652916,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Oral antibiotics are the most prescribed medication in the United States. We sought to describe the distribution of oral antibiotic formulation administration among children in the emergency department (ED).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We performed a retrospective single-center study of children presenting to a pediatric ED. We included encounters for children (&lt;18 years) discharged from the ED between 2016 and 2022 and prescribed one of 7 common antibiotics in oral suspension or tablet\/capsule forms, excluding children with an enteral feeding tube or complex neuromuscular conditions. We analyzed encounters for children administered an antibiotic in the ED and antibiotic prescriptions. We determined the age at which the proportion of children given a tablet or capsule equaled or exceeded the proportion of those given a suspension.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We identified 12,900 eligible encounters (median age: 4.3 years, interquartile range: 1.7 to 8.1 years; 51.5% boys). The most common diagnoses were infectious ear disorders (22.6%), infectious mouth and throat disorders (9.1\ufeff%), infectious skin, dermatologic and soft tissue disorders (6.6\ufeff%), and infectious nose and sinus disorders (6.2%). For all antibiotics administered in the ED (n = 3809 encounters; 52.6% for amoxicillin), the age threshold at which more children were prescribed the tablet\/capsule than the suspension formulation was 14 years. This threshold for each antibiotic was 16 years for amoxicillin, 13 years for amoxicillin-clavulanate, 11 years for azithromycin, 14 years for cefdinir, 12 years for cephalexin, 11 years for clindamycin, and 10 years for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Findings were similar for encounters discharged from the ED with an antibiotic prescription.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We identified age-related differences in antibiotic formulations in a pediatric ED. These findings can inform prescribing practices to optimize medication adherence and treatment effectiveness through clinical decision support and shared decision-making and may be especially useful during periods of formulation shortages or when planning for clinical research.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/pec.0000000000003395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T05:00:08Z","timestamp":1744606808000},"page":"628-634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Patient Age and Antibiotic Formulation Administration in the Pediatric Emergency Department"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Sriram","family":"Ramgopal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine"},{"name":"Stanley Manne Children\u2019s Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Rosenman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanley Manne Children\u2019s Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine"},{"name":"Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Outcomes, Research, and Evaluation Center, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth R.","family":"Alpern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine"},{"name":"Stanley Manne Children\u2019s Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todd A.","family":"Florin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine"},{"name":"Stanley Manne Children\u2019s Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth A.","family":"Michelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine"},{"name":"Stanley Manne Children\u2019s Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. 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Outcome data from a feasibility study to assess the acceptability of different-sized placebo tablets in children (creating acceptable tablets (CAT))","volume":"10","author":"Bracken","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"R14-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2114","article-title":"Effectiveness of pediatric pill swallowing interventions: a systematic review","volume":"135","author":"Patel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R15-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2015-0027","article-title":"A pilot study of the Pediatric Oral Medications Screener (POMS)","volume":"5","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hospital Pediatrics"},{"key":"R16-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922817724399","article-title":"Prospective assessment of pill-swallowing ability in pediatric patients","volume":"57","author":"Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"key":"R17-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2023062482","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2023-062482","article-title":"The 2022 to 2023 amoxicillin shortage and acute otitis media treatment","volume":"152","author":"Brewster","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R18-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"piae122","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piae122","article-title":"Alternative antibiotic selections during the 2022 amoxicillin shortage in the US","volume":"14","author":"Ramgopal","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Emergency Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/PEC.0000000000003395","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T16:00:21Z","timestamp":1754323221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/PEC.0000000000003395"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/pec.0000000000003395","relation":{},"ISSN":["0749-5161","1535-1815"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0749-5161"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1535-1815"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-29","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-13","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}