{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T16:32:49Z","timestamp":1775147569645,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our primary objectives were to describe pathogen-specific symptom severity and duration in a prospective cohort study of children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE). Our secondary objective was to quantify health care resource utilization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This secondary analysis of 2 trials included children aged 3 to 48 months with AGE. Children were eligible if they had \u22653 watery stools in the preceding 24 hours and were brought to the Emergency Department. Disease severity was quantified by frequency and duration of vomiting and diarrhea, and the Modified Vesikari Scale score. We used descriptive statistics to summarize severity and regression models to identify associations between pathogen type and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 1565 trial participants had pathogen testing performed and completed follow-up. Viral pathogens were identified in 47.9% (749\/1565) and bacterial pathogens in 5.9% (92\/1565). Norovirus (322\/1565; 20.6%) was the most frequently identified pathogen. Diarrhea duration was greatest (median 160h, IQR: 98, 216) for children with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Vomiting (aOR: 11.02; 95% CI: 7.47, 16.26) occurred more commonly in children with viruses compared with bacteria. The mean duration of diarrhea was shorter for viruses compared with bacteria (aIRR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.96). Mean MVS scores were higher in children with viruses compared with those with bacteria (coefficient: 1.64, 95% CI: 0.46, 2.82).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We describe the clinical course of viral and bacterial pathogens. Although statistically significant, differences in symptom severity across pathogens were not clinically meaningful for distinguishing between them based on symptoms alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/pec.0000000000003459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T11:00:10Z","timestamp":1754391610000},"page":"935-943","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An Evaluation of Enteropathogen-Specific Disease Severity and Duration in Children With Acute Gastroenteritis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Cindy G.","family":"Roskind","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Schnadower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. Charles","family":"Casper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phillip I.","family":"Tarr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam C.","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital\/Hasbro Children\u2019s Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seema R.","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serge","family":"Gouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatric Emergency Medicine & Pediatrics, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prashant","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Michigan Wayne State University, Detroit, MI"},{"name":"Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Vance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrina F.","family":"Hurley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesse G.","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth C.","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken J.","family":"Farion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Pediatric Emergency Department, Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Sapien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen J.","family":"O\u2019Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children\u2019s National Health System, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, 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