{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T08:35:12Z","timestamp":1793608512846,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"\n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n The objective of this study is to investigate differences in pain outcomes for pediatric trauma patients who receive Child Life Services versus pediatric trauma patients who do not.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Retrospective chart reviews were completed on patients birth to 21 years of age who were seen by trauma services in the Emergency Department and various inpatient units. These individuals were characterized into 2 groups: those seen by child life specialists and those who were not. Pain scores were recorded by using the following scales: face, legs, activity, cry, consolability (FLACC), The Wong-Baker FACES, the Verbal Numeric Rating Score, and Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT). Baseline data included age, sex, race, injury type, Injury Severity Score (ISS), pain score, and length of stay. Patients were matched using the initial pain score and ISS score. An ordinal logistic model was built regressing pain at discharge on group (CLS visit or no CLS visit). Significance was set at\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u22640.05.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n One hundred ninety-six patients\u2019 data were used; 107 (54%) of them had been seen by child life specialists. The study groups had similar baseline demographics and injury severity scores. The pain score at discharge was significantly lower in children with child life services\u2019 visits (median=0, min=0, max=10) compared with those without [median=2, min=0, max=10; OR=0.48, 95% CI (0.28, 0.83),\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.009].\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Certified child life specialist involvement in pediatric trauma patients\u2019 care correlates to a lower pain score upon discharge.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/pec.0000000000003530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T10:00:09Z","timestamp":1765533609000},"page":"199-202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An Assessment of Child Life Service and Pain Management in Pediatric Trauma Patients"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Morgan","family":"Merritt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"K. Hovnanian Children\u2019s Hospital at Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lora","family":"Kasselman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hackensack Meridian Health Research Institute, Paramus, NJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth","family":"VanBuskirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"K. Hovnanian Children\u2019s Hospital at Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.ra.2016-0191","article-title":"Pediatric traumatic brain injury: characteristic features, diagnosis, and management","volume":"57","author":"Araki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"key":"R3-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2014.06.052","article-title":"Reducing anxiety in the pediatric emergency department: a comparative trial","volume":"47","author":"Heilbrunn","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"R4-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1177\/1367493519870654","article-title":"\u2018If I knew what was going to happen, it wouldn\u2019t worry me so much\u2019: Children\u2019s, parents\u2019 and health professionals\u2019 perspectives on information for children undergoing a procedure","volume":"23","author":"Bray","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Child Health Care"},{"key":"R5-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020040261","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-040261","article-title":"Child Life Services","volume":"147","author":"Romito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R6-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2007.11.004","article-title":"The role of child life in pediatric pain management: a survey of child life specialists","volume":"9","author":"Bandstra","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"R8-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001440","article-title":"The value of injury severity score in pediatric trauma: time for a new definition of severe injury?","volume":"82","author":"Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"R9-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S397064","article-title":"A systematic review of the measurement properties of face, legs, activity, cry and consolability scale for pediatric pain assessment","volume":"16","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"R10-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2009.00620.x","article-title":"Validation of the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale in pediatric emergency department patients","volume":"17","author":"Garra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"R11-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.02.031","article-title":"The verbal numeric rating scale in the pediatric emergency department: what do the numbers really mean?","volume":"149","author":"Connelly","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R12-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.07.012","article-title":"P-CPOT: an adaptation of the critical-care pain observation tool for pediatric intensive care unit patients","volume":"21","author":"Tao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Manag Nurs"},{"key":"R14-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s40719-021-00216-y","article-title":"Pain management in pediatric trauma","volume":"7","author":"Kashyap","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Trauma Rep"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Emergency Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/PEC.0000000000003530","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T06:00:11Z","timestamp":1772172011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/PEC.0000000000003530"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/pec.0000000000003530","relation":{},"ISSN":["0749-5161","1535-1815"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0749-5161","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-1815","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-10","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-16","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}