{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:09:32Z","timestamp":1792786172489,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Manitoba","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02qrynm70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Pediatric Emergency Medicine Robert Wallace Cameron Research Chair"},{"name":"Tier I University of Ottawa Research Chair","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03c4mmv16","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Canada Research Chair","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0517h6h17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the effectiveness and adverse events associated with treating children with croup with dexamethasone at 0.15 versus 0.6 mg\/kg body weight.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective cohort study included children (younger than 18 y) with a clinical diagnosis of croup in 4 pediatric emergency departments (EDs) between January 2017 and December 2019. The primary outcome was return visit to the ED for croup within 7 days, and the secondary outcomes were hospitalization within 7 days and occurrence of adverse events within 30 days. Both \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      tests and logistic regression models were used to compare differences in the proportions of children with ED return visits, hospitalizations, and adverse events associated with dose.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 14,205 children in the final analysis. Of the 13,437 croup episodes from children treated with dexamethasone at 0.15 mg\/kg (n=172) or 0.6 mg\/kg (n=13,265), 2.9% and 4.1%, respectively, were ED return visits within 7 days following treatment. The difference in the proportion of ED return visits following treatment with the 2 doses was not statistically significant (1.2%; 95% CI: \u22121.31 to 3.76). In a multivariable-adjusted model, 0.15 mg\/kg was not associated with ED return visits within 7 days [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=0.88; 95% CI: 0.31-1.97], but was associated with hospitalization (aOR=3.18; 95% CI: 1.52-6.00). A total of 135 (1%) of all croup episodes had at least 1 adverse event within 30 days. Of those treated with 0.15 or 0.6 mg\/kg, 1.2% and 1%, respectively, had at least 1 adverse event within 30 days. The most common adverse event was pneumonia (0.8%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that low-dose dexamethasone, 0.15 mg\/kg, may be as effective as 0.6 mg\/kg with comparable proportions of ED return visits and adverse events within 7 days. However, low-dose dexamethasone was associated with increased hospitalization. Clinicians should weigh the potential risk of hospitalization when choosing 0.15 mg\/kg of dexamethasone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/pec.0000000000003738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T07:00:20Z","timestamp":1792134020000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Using a Single Dose of Dexamethasone at 0.6 Versus 0.15 mg\/kg of Body Weight for the Treatment of Croup"],"prefix":"10.1097","author":[{"given":"Alex","family":"Aregbesola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Turnbull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Emergency, McGill University, Montreal, QC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Banke","family":"Oketola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy C.","family":"Plint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario"},{"name":"Pediatrics"},{"name":"Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoda","family":"Badran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apoorva","family":"Gangwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Balshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, George and Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry P.","family":"Klassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Saskatchewan 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