{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T11:11:40Z","timestamp":1778152300113,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687910400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPGN rep."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      (HP) infection is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease (PUD) in the stomach and duodenum, and an increased risk of gastric cancer. The risk of infection, secondary symptoms, and negative outcomes is known to be increased in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries and vastly less substantial in the United States and Europe. Current North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition guidelines recommend endoscopic diagnosis and susceptibility\u2010guided therapy, which is not reflected by current adult guidelines for therapy. In this study, we complete a single\u2010center retrospective review of HP risk by nativity status, as well as the results of the use of standard empiric therapy in HP and PUD patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed all endoscopies with patients aged 1\u201321 years with a known nativity status and identified all HP diagnoses. We also completed the classification of Kyoto scores and classified patients as gastritis versus PUD. Treatment records were obtained, as well as downstream documentation of the impact of empiric therapy. HP prevalence and severity were compared between non\u2010native and native US populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total 332 patients were identified, with 59 HP diagnoses. However, 64 patients were immigrants, and 268 were US natives. Totally 39.1% of all immigrant patients had an endoscopically identified HP infection, compared to only 12.7% of US native patients (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01, relative risk 3.07). HP severity was worse in immigrant patients (Kyoto score 1.5 versus 0.89;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.008). Empiric high\u2010dose amoxicillin triple therapy was equally effective in reducing symptoms in gastritis versus PUD patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immigrant patients have a substantially higher risk and severity of HP infection than US natives. Empiric therapy remains highly effective at relieving symptoms. These findings in aggregate suggest that North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition guidelines may not adequately serve non\u2010native pediatric patients, with an additional prospective multicenter study needed to confirm. In addition, a prospective study of treatment based on stool antigen tests, as well as a larger prospective study of empiric therapy, may suggest alterations to our approach in line with recent changes to adult Gastroenterology practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/pg9.0000000000000331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T12:00:49Z","timestamp":1687953649000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of Risk and Severity of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Non\u2010Native Versus US Native Pediatric Patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Children's Hospital of Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Department of Pediatrics SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Wallach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Department of Pediatrics SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.11.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.08.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22435"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001594"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.563"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32641\/rchped.v91i5.2579"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003184"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002976"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"982","article-title":"[Helicobacter pylori infection and endoscopic gastritis \u2010Kyoto classification of gastritis]","volume":"112","author":"Kamada T","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi Jpn J Gastro Enterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"e01869","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori diversity and gastric cancer risk","volume":"7","author":"Cover Timothy L","year":"2016","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12399"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(21)00400-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197695"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.11.1054"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CEG.S144967"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31829f2e25"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"High dose amoxicillin\u2010based first line regimen is equivalent to sequential therapy in the eradication of H. pylori infection","volume":"20","author":"Franceschi F","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-020-06115-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15273"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12528"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003245"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-009-1033-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31815bc5b3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10010196"}],"container-title":["JPGN 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