{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:28:36Z","timestamp":1791415716844,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Surgical specialists in plastic, head and neck, hand, trauma surgery, and emergency medicine physicians bear the burden of treating the most serious injuries caused by animals. Most of these incidents result from an attack by a known dog, and breed has been proposed, but not proven, to be a controllable factor. The authors summarize the peer-reviewed literature on dog bites in the United States, specifically as related to the breeds implicated.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A systematic review of all peer-reviewed publications reporting on dog bites in the United States was performed. MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library searches were conducted through May 8, 2018, for studies from the United States implicating a specific dog breed as responsible.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Forty-one articles met inclusion criteria, the majority of which were single-institution retrospective reviews. Main outcomes were any dog bite reported in the peer-reviewed literature where a specific breed was implicated. Secondary measures included dog bites reported in areas where breed-specific legislation was enacted. The most common pure breed identified was German Shepherd, followed by Pit Bull\u2013type breeds (i.e., American Staffordshire Terrier, American Pit Bull Terrier, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, American Bully), Labrador, Collie, and Rottweiler, respectively. Pit bull\u2013type and German Shepherd breeds are consistently implicated for causing the most serious injuries to patients in the United States across heterogeneous populations, and this remained consistent across multiple decades.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The authors\u2019 results indicate that German Shepherd and Pit Bull\u2013type breeds account for the largest subset of pure breeds implicated in severe dog bites inflicted on humans in the medical literature. The role and complexity of mentioning breed in relation to human injuries are also discussed.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/prs.0000000000007253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]],"date-time":"2020-10-23T00:02:33Z","timestamp":1603411353000},"page":"1166-1176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Dog Bites in the United States from 1971 to 2018: A Systematic Review of the Peer-Reviewed Literature"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Chad M.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeons; the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis Medical Center; and the Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharine M.","family":"Hinchcliff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeons; the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis Medical Center; and the Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeons; the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis Medical Center; and the Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee L. Q.","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeons; the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis Medical Center; and the Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20230801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181addad9","article-title":"Pediatric dog bite injuries: A 5-year review of the experience at the Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia.","volume":"124","author":"Kaye","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R2-20230801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318211cd68","article-title":"Mortality, mauling, and maiming by vicious dogs.","volume":"253","author":"Bini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"R3-20230801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1349211","article-title":"Analysis of pediatric facial dog bites.","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"key":"R4-20230801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31827fee33","article-title":"Facial dog bite injuries in children: Treatment and outcome assessment.","volume":"24","author":"Eppley","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"R5-20230801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2014.09.051","article-title":"Morbidity of pediatric dog bites: A case series at a level one pediatric trauma center.","volume":"50","author":"Garvey","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"R6-20230801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2014.09.001","article-title":"Dog bites of the head and neck: An evaluation of a common pediatric trauma and associated treatment.","volume":"36","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"R7-20230801","first-page":"605","article-title":"Nonfatal dog bite-related injuries treated in hospital emergency departments\u2013United States, 2001.","volume":"52","year":"2003","journal-title":"Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"R8-20230801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2012.01.010","article-title":"Non-fatal dog bite injuries in the U.S.A., 2005-2009.","volume":"126","author":"Quirk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"R9-20230801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.97.6.891","article-title":"Fatal dog attacks, 1989-1994.","volume":"97","author":"Sacks","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R11-20230801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.243.12.1726","article-title":"Co-occurrence of potentially preventable factors in 256 dog bite-related fatalities in the United States (2000-2009).","volume":"243","author":"Patronek","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"R12-20230801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.1923","article-title":"Dog bites to humans: Demography, epidemiology, injury, and risk.","volume":"218","author":"Overall","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"R13-20230801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.3402\/ijch.v66i4.18273","article-title":"Hospitalizations resulting from dog bite injuries: Alaska, 1991\u20132002","volume":"66","author":"Castrodale","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Circumpolar Health"},{"key":"R14-20230801","first-page":"50","article-title":"A study of dog bites on the Navajo reservation.","volume":"101","author":"Daniels","year":"1986","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"R15-20230801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.11.087","article-title":"Dog bite injuries among American Indian and Alaska Native children.","volume":"162","author":"Bjork","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R16-20230801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(97)70253-1","article-title":"Law enforcement K-9 dog bites: Injuries, complications, and trends.","volume":"29","author":"Hutson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"R17-20230801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2006.05.007","article-title":"Police and domestic dog bite injuries: What are the differences? 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