{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T04:47:10Z","timestamp":1788497230407,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study was undertaken to determine contemporary surgical management of bilateral cleft lip.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A survey was sent to North American cleft surgeons. Variables included number of bilateral cleft lip repairs per year, surgical specialty, and methods of nasolabial correction. The authors analyzed possible relationships between surgical specialty\/volume and operative techniques.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The response rate was 40 percent (241 of 600). Annual bilateral nasolabial repairs per surgeon were as follows: zero to two, 30 percent; three to five, 46 percent; and six or more, 25 percent. For bilateral complete cleft lip, dentofacial orthopedics was used by 71 percent of respondents; synchronous closure was most commonly performed (88 percent); infrequent techniques were preliminary labial adhesions (11 percent) and staged labial closure (1 percent); and 50 percent undertook primary nasal repair. One half of respondents used nostril splinting following primary or secondary nasal correction. For bilateral incomplete cleft lip, 90 percent of surgeons performed synchronous labial repair and 36 percent did primary nasal correction. For both complete and incomplete bilateral cleft lips, high-volume surgeons were more likely to excise prolabial vermilion and use lateral vermilion-mucosal flaps to form the median tubercle. For bilateral asymmetrical cleft lip, 85 percent of surgeons practiced synchronous labial repair and 54 percent used dentofacial orthopedics on the complete side.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Synchronous repair was the most frequent method for bilateral cleft lip; one-half of surgeons practiced primary nasal correction. There were no associations between surgical specialty\/volume and operative principles or techniques for bilateral nasolabial repair, except for construction of the median tubercle.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/prs.0b013e31824ecbd3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]],"date-time":"2013-01-02T17:38:35Z","timestamp":1357148315000},"page":"1347-1355","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Current Surgical Management of Bilateral Cleft Lip in North America"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Stephan P. K.","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arin K.","family":"Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John B.","family":"Mulliken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.11.2292","article-title":"Relationship between provider volume and mortality for carotid endarterectomies in New York state.","volume":"29","author":"Hannan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"R2-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199809000-00016","article-title":". Importance of hospital volume in the overall management of pancreatic cancer.","volume":"228","author":"Sosa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"R3-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.11.2327","article-title":"Hospital and physician volume or specialization and outcomes in cancer treatment: Importance in quality of cancer care.","volume":"18","author":"Hillner","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R4-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa011788","article-title":". Variations in morbidity after radical prostatectomy.","volume":"346","author":"Begg","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R5-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.2002.120238","article-title":"The influence of hospital and surgeon volume on in-hospital mortality for colectomy, gastrectomy, and lung lobectomy in patients with cancer.","volume":"131","author":"Hannan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"R6-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200211000-00008","article-title":". Hospital and surgeon procedure volume as predictors of outcome following rectal cancer resection.","volume":"236","author":"Schrag","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"R7-22-20231119","first-page":"1060","article-title":"Outcomes from 3144 adrenalectomies in the United States: Which matters more, surgeon volume or specialty Arch Surg.","volume":"144","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":""},{"key":"R8-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1226(96)90217-9","article-title":"The surgical care of cleft lip and palate patients in England and Wales.","volume":"49","author":"Williams","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"R9-22-20231119","first-page":"5","article-title":"Treatment variables affecting facial growth in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate.","volume":"24","author":"Ross","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J"},{"key":"R10-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1992_029_0409_asciso_2.3.co_2","article-title":". A six-center international study of treatment outcome in patients with clefts of the lip and palate: Part 4. Assessment of nasolabial appearance.","volume":"29","author":"Asher-McDade","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"R11-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1992_029_0405_asciso_2.3.co_2","article-title":". A six-center international study of treatment outcome in patients with clefts of the lip and palate: Part 3. Dental arch relationships.","volume":"29","author":"Mars","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"R12-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1992_029_0398_asciso_2.3.co_2","article-title":". A six-center international study of treatment outcome in patients with clefts of the lip and palate: Part 2. Craniofacial form and soft tissue profile.","volume":"29","author":"Molsted","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"R13-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1992_029_0393_asciso_2.3.co_2","article-title":". A six-center international study of treatment outcome in patients with clefts of the lip and palate: Part 1. Principles and study design.","volume":"29","author":"Shaw","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"R14-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1992_029_0413_asciso_2.3.co_2","article-title":". A six-center international study of treatment outcome in patients with clefts of the lip and palate: Part 5. General discussion and conclusions.","volume":"29","author":"Shaw","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"R15-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1054\/bjps.1998.0010","article-title":"Treatment of cleft lip andor palate in the UK.","volume":"51","author":"Boorman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"R16-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2001_038_0038_clapci_2.0.co_2","article-title":". Cleft lip and palate care in the United KingdomThe Clinical Standards Advisory Group (CSAG) Study. Part 4: Outcome comparisons, training, and conclusions.","volume":"38","author":"Bearn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"R17-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2001_038_0020_clapci_2.0.co_2","article-title":". Cleft lip and palate care in the United KingdomThe Clinical Standards Advisory Group (CSAG) Study. Part 1: Background and methodology.","volume":"38","author":"Sandy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"R18-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2001_038_0030_clapci_2.0.co_2","article-title":". Cleft lip and palate care in the United KingdomThe Clinical Standards Advisory Group (CSAG) Study. Part 3: Speech outcomes.","volume":"38","author":"Sell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"R20-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2001_038_0024_clapci_2.0.co_2","article-title":". Cleft lip and palate care in the United KingdomThe Clinical Standards Advisory Group (CSAG) Study. Part 2: Dentofacial outcomes and patient satisfaction.","volume":"38","author":"Williams","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"R21-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1597\/09-185.1","article-title":". The Americleft Study: An inter-center study of treatment outcomes for patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate part 3. Analysis of craniofacial form.","volume":"48","author":"Daskalogiannakis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"R22-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1597\/09-181.1","article-title":". The Americleft Study: An inter-center study of treatment outcomes for patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate part 2. Dental arch relationships.","volume":"48","author":"Hathaway","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"R23-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1597\/09-180.1","article-title":". The Americleft Study: An inter-center study of treatment outcomes for patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate part 1. Principles and study design.","volume":"48","author":"Long","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"R24-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1597\/09-186.1","article-title":". The Americleft Study: An inter-center study of treatment outcomes for patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate part 4. Nasolabial aesthetics.","volume":"48","author":"Mercado","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"R25-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1597\/09-187.1","article-title":". The Americleft Study: An inter-center study of treatment outcomes for patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate part 5. General discussion and conclusions.","volume":"48","author":"Russell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"R26-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31816a9feb","article-title":"Current surgical practices in cleft care: Unilateral cleft lip repair.","volume":"121","author":"Sitzman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R27-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198504000-00003","article-title":"Principles and techniques of bilateral complete cleft lip repair.","volume":"75","author":"Mulliken","year":"1985","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R30-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181b98b5d","article-title":"Primary repair of the bilateral cleft lip nose: A long-term follow-up.","volume":"124","author":"McComb","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R34-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199803000-00009","article-title":"Presurgical columellar elongation and primary retrograde nasal reconstruction in one-stage bilateral cleft lip and nose repair.","volume":"101","author":"Cutting","year":"1998","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R35-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318183646c","article-title":"Primary bilateral cleft nasal repair.","volume":"122","author":"Cutting","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"R36-22-20231119","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Parameters for evaluation and treatment of patients with cleft lippalate or other craniofacial anomalies.","volume":"30","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"R37-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31820a64d7","article-title":"A 12-year anthropometric evaluation of the nose in bilateral cleft lip-cleft palate patients following nasoalveolar molding and cutting bilateral cleft lip and nose reconstruction.","volume":"127","author":"Garfinkle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R38-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199803000-00009","article-title":"Presurgical columellar elongation and primary retrograde nasal reconstruction in one-stage bilateral cleft lip and nose repair.","volume":"101","author":"Cutting","year":"1998","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R39-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318189169b","article-title":"Asymmetrical bilateral cleft lip: Complete or incomplete and contralateral lesser defect (minor-form, microform, or mini-microform).","volume":"122","author":"Yuzuriha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R40-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1093\/poq\/nfl033","article-title":"Nonresponse rates and nonresponse bias in household surveys.","volume":"70","author":"Groves","year":"2006","journal-title":"Public Opin Q"},{"key":"R41-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1093\/poq\/nfn011","article-title":"The impact of nonresponse rates on nonresponse bias: A meta-analysis.","volume":"72","author":"Groves","year":"2008","journal-title":"Public Opin Q"},{"key":"R42-22-20231119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1093\/poq\/nfp037","article-title":"Not all survey effort is equal: Reduction of nonresponse bias and nonresponse error.","volume":"73","author":"Peytchev","year":"2009","journal-title":"Public Opin Q"}],"container-title":["Plastic &amp; Reconstructive Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00006534-201206000-00022","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,19]],"date-time":"2023-11-19T20:01:45Z","timestamp":1700424105000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00006534-201206000-00022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/prs.0b013e31824ecbd3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-1052","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}}}