{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T19:56:50Z","timestamp":1780084610255,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychosom Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Higher levels of well-being are associated with lower levels of inflammatory markers in healthy populations; however, it is unclear whether this association translates into a reduced risk of disease. In the current study, we tested whether the association between well-being and inflammation results in a lower risk of arthritis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The sample consisted of 5622 participants 50 years or older from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing and included six waves of data collection. We used a structural equation modeling approach to test whether inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP] or fibrinogen) mediated the association between well-being and arthritis risk for a 10-year follow-up period.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Higher levels of well-being were associated with a decrease in arthritis risk (hazard ratio = 0.97 per unit, 95% confidence interval = 0.96 to 0.98, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001). Of the two inflammatory markers, only CRP was associated with arthritis risk. Mediation analysis revealed that the indirect effect of well-being (at wave 1) on arthritis risk via CRP (at wave 2) was significant (hazard ratio = 0.996, 95% confidence interval = 0.995 to 0.998, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001). This effect remained significant after adjustment for demographic and health behavior variables and depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>CRP accounts for a small proportion of the association between well-being and a reduced risk of arthritis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/psy.0000000000000480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,10]],"date-time":"2017-06-10T17:06:46Z","timestamp":1497114406000},"page":"742-748","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Well-Being and Arthritis Incidence: The Role of Inflammatory Mechanisms. Findings From the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Judith A.","family":"Okely","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catharine R.","family":"Gale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"bib1-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758-0854.2010.01045.x","article-title":"Happy people live longer: subjective well-being contributes to health and longevity","volume":"3","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Health Well-Being"},{"key":"bib2-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e73462","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073462","article-title":"Life satisfaction and risk of chronic diseases in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Germany Study","volume":"8","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bib3-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.1028","article-title":"Enjoying life and living longer","volume":"172","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"bib4-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/17437190701492486","article-title":"Health benefits: meta-analytically determining the impact of well-being on objective health outcomes","volume":"1","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Psychol Rev"},{"key":"bib5-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.01.006","article-title":"Positive affect and psychobiological processes","volume":"35","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"bib6-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-016-9553-z","article-title":"Psychological resources are independently associated with markers of inflammation in a middle-aged community sample","volume":"23","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med"},{"key":"bib7-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181cb981b","article-title":"Association of optimism and pessimism with inflammation and hemostasis in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)","volume":"72","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"bib8-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.07.015","article-title":"Daily positive events and inflammation: findings from the National Study of Daily Experiences","volume":"43","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"bib9-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31824f82c8","article-title":"Distinctive biological correlates of positive psychological well-being in older men and women","volume":"74","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"bib10-20230824","first-page":"96","article-title":"Neuroendocrine and inflammatory factors associated with positive affect in healthy men and women: The Whitehall II Study","volume":"167","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"bib11-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5884.2011.00460.x","article-title":"Life satisfaction and inflammatory biomarkers: The 2008 Scottish Health Survey1","volume":"53","year":"2011","journal-title":"Jpn Psychol Res"},{"key":"bib12-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2010.11.002","article-title":"Inflammatory markers in population studies of aging","volume":"10","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"bib13-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24350","article-title":"Biomarkers of inflammation and development of rheumatoid arthritis in women from two prospective cohort studies","volume":"60","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"bib14-20230824","first-page":"2359","article-title":"Do elevated levels of serum C-reactive protein predict rheumatoid arthritis in men: correlations with pre-RA status and baseline positive rheumatoid factors","volume":"28","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"bib16-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X12467868","article-title":"Role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis: latest findings and interpretations","volume":"5","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis"},{"key":"bib17-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-015-9764-6","article-title":"Wellbeing and arthritis incidence: the survey of health, ageing and retirement in Europe","volume":"50","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"key":"bib18-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20431","article-title":"Increased levels of C-reactive protein in serum from blood donors before the onset of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"50","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"bib19-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/003655102760145889","article-title":"Disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis: fibrinogen is superior to the erythrocyte sedimentation rate","volume":"62","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"bib20-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61489-0","article-title":"Subjective wellbeing, health, and ageing","volume":"385","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"bib21-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys168","article-title":"Cohort profile: the English longitudinal study of ageing","volume":"42","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"bib22-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1080\/1360786031000101157","article-title":"A measure of quality of life in early old age: the theory, development and properties of a needs satisfaction model (CASP-19)","volume":"7","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"key":"bib23-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166.e17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.06.057","article-title":"What does minor elevation of c-reactive protein signify?","volume":"119","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"bib24-20230824","first-page":"57","article-title":"Normal range of plasma fibrinogen","volume":"49","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Med Technol"},{"key":"bib25-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-9951-2","article-title":"Psychosocial factors and health as determinants of quality of life in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"21","year":"2012","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"bib26-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X06290497","article-title":"Report of nationally representative values for the noninstitutionalized US adult population for 7 health-related quality-of-life scores","volume":"26","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"key":"bib27-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.15.2.187","article-title":"Influences of socioeconomic status, social network, and competence on subjective well-being in later life: a meta-analysis","volume":"15","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychol Aging"},{"key":"bib28-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.131.6.925","article-title":"Does positive affect influence health?","volume":"131","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"bib29-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.031666","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Swedish EIRA study","volume":"64","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"bib30-20230824","first-page":"159","article-title":"The disproportionate impact of chronic arthralgia and arthritis among women","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"bib31-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400420","article-title":"Risk factors for incident radiographic knee osteoarthritis in the elderly: the Framingham Study","volume":"40","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"bib32-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-8-200010170-00016","article-title":"Osteoarthritis: new insights. Part 1: the disease and its risk factors","volume":"133","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"bib33-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-013-9478-6","article-title":"The influence of perceived stress on the onset of arthritis in women: findings from the Australian Longitudinal Study on women's health","volume":"46","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"key":"bib34-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000005","article-title":"Socioeconomic indices as independent correlates of C-reactive protein in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health","volume":"75","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"bib35-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1001\/2013.jamapsychiatry.102","article-title":"Elevated C-reactive protein levels, psychological distress, and depression in 73, 131 individuals","volume":"70","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"bib36-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/509138","article-title":"Correlates of high serum C-reactive protein levels in a socioeconomically disadvantaged population","volume":"24","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dis Markers"},{"key":"bib38-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18952","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018952","article-title":"Quality of life and affective well-being in middle-aged and older people with chronic medical illnesses: a cross-sectional population based study","volume":"6","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bib39-20230824","article-title":"Documentation of affective functioning measures in the Health and Retirement Study","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Arbor MI HRS Health Work Group"},{"key":"bib41-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.05.044","article-title":"Non-exercise physical activity and survival: English longitudinal study of ageing","volume":"47","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"bib42-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(04)80042-X","article-title":"An introduction to latent growth curve modeling","volume":"35","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"bib43-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3102\/01623737016001041","article-title":"The metric matters: the sensitivity of conclusions about growth in student achievement to choice of metric","volume":"16","year":"1994","journal-title":"Educ Eval Policy Anal"},{"key":"bib45-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e318200a54b","article-title":"Mediation analysis in psychosomatic medicine research","volume":"73","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"bib49-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2004.1521","article-title":"Positive health: connecting well-being with biology","volume":"359","year":"2004","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"bib50-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2005.11.006","article-title":"Cytokines sing the blues: inflammation and the pathogenesis of depression","volume":"27","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"bib51-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2004.01.002","article-title":"Enhanced expression of cytokines and chemokines by blood monocytes to in vitro lipopolysaccharide stimulation are associated with hostility and severity of depressive symptoms in healthy women","volume":"29","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"bib52-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3161","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27638","article-title":"The number of elevated cytokines and chemokines in preclinical seropositive rheumatoid arthritis predicts time to diagnosis in an age-dependent manner","volume":"62","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"bib53-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38013","article-title":"The preclinical phase of rheumatoid arthritis: what is acknowledged and what needs to be assessed?","volume":"65","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"bib54-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.1997.0098","article-title":"Clinical validation of self-reported osteoarthritis","volume":"6","year":"1998","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"bib55-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12224","article-title":"positive psychological functioning and the biology of health","volume":"9","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc Personal Psychol Compass"}],"container-title":["Psychosomatic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00006842-201709000-00004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T17:00:21Z","timestamp":1692896421000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00006842-201709000-00004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/psy.0000000000000480","relation":{},"ISSN":["1534-7796","0033-3174"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1534-7796","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0033-3174","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}}}