{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:23:29Z","timestamp":1768263809395,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627257600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychosom Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study aimed to examine the association of a mother\u2019s loss of a close relative before or during pregnancy with intellectual disability (ID) in the offspring.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We performed a nationwide population-based cohort study based on Danish national registries. All live-born singletons born in Denmark during the 1978\u20132016 period (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic> = 2,216,601) were followed up starting from birth to 38 years of age. Log-linear Poisson regression was used to estimate the association between maternal bereavement (the death of an older child, a partner, or a parent 1 year before or during pregnancy) and the risk of ID in the offspring.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Maternal bereavement during or before pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of ID (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04\u20131.28). The risk of ID was increased by 27% when maternal bereavement occurred during pregnancy (IRR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.08\u20131.49). When stratifying on the child\u2019s sex, we also observed an increased risk of ID associated with maternal bereavement during pregnancy both for male (IRR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.02\u20131.53) and for female (IRR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.02\u20131.69), respectively. The IRRs for unnatural death of a relative were also elevated (IRR = 1.22; 95% CI = 0.91\u20131.64) in general, although the difference was not statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our findings suggest that prenatal stress due to maternal loss of a close relative may increase the risk of offspring\u2019s ID of both sexes, in particular when the loss happened during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/psy.0000000000000990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T05:17:03Z","timestamp":1627881423000},"page":"887-893","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prenatal Maternal Bereavement and Its Association With Intellectual Disability in the Offspring"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Xiujuan","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongfu","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lulu","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krisztina D.","family":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Unnur Anna","family":"Valdimarsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00045.x","article-title":"Intellectual developmental disorders: towards a new name, definition and framework for \u201cmental retardation\/intellectual disability\u201d in ICD-11","volume":"10","year":"2011","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"bib3-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2010.12.018","article-title":"Prevalence of intellectual disability: a meta-analysis of population-based studies","volume":"32","year":"2011","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"bib4-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.16","article-title":"A comprehensive nationwide study of the incidence rate and lifetime risk for treated mental disorders","volume":"71","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"key":"bib5-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1007\/s11689-010-9055-2","article-title":"The genetic basis of non-syndromic intellectual disability: a review","volume":"2","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurodev Disord"},{"key":"bib6-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02417.x","article-title":"Aetiology of severe mental retardation and further genetic analysis by high-resolution microarray in a population-based series of 6- to 17-year-old children","volume":"101","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"bib7-20250812","first-page":"1059","article-title":"Identification and evaluation of mental retardation","volume":"61","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"bib8-20250812","first-page":"2063","article-title":"Diagnostic yield of various genetic approaches in patients with unexplained developmental delay or mental retardation","volume":"140","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"key":"bib9-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3109\/13668250.2011.648609","article-title":"How much does intellectual disability really cost? 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