{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T08:02:44Z","timestamp":1789718564031,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychosom Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Lung cancer remains the number one cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, but less known is that lung cancer patients are among the most psychologically disabled of all cancer groups. Patients with stage IV non\u2013small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were studied to test the hypothesis that <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">trajectories<\/jats:italic> of depression and\/or anxiety symptoms after diagnosis would show an adverse relationship with survival, beyond relevant controls.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Patients with stage IV NSCLC (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic> = 157) were enrolled (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03199651) at diagnosis and completed validated measures for depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) and anxiety symptoms (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7). Patients were reassessed every 1 to 2 months through 24 months (16 assessments; 80% average completion rate) and survival monitored. Joint statistical models provided simultaneous modeling of longitudinal (psychological) and time-to-event (survival) processes. Control variables were age, sex, marital status, education, smoking status, cancer type, and treatment received.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Depression and anxiety symptoms significantly decreased with time since diagnosis. The 2-year trajectory of depressive symptoms was significantly associated with cancer survival after adjustment for covariates (hazard ratio = 1.09 per unit increase in the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, 95% confidence interval = 1.03\u20131.15, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic> = .002). Anxiety was marginally significant in the unadjusted (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic> = .053) but not the adjusted (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic> = .39) model.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>For the first time, joint model analyses test the interaction of a longitudinal trajectory of psychological symptoms, assessed from diagnosis to 24 months, and cancer survival. New data show the continuation of depressive and anxiety symptoms through treatment and thereafter. Immunotherapy and targeted therapies have dramatically improved survival for patients with advanced NSCLC; however, novel data suggest their benefit may be constrained by depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/psy.0000000000001027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T02:05:17Z","timestamp":1633917917000},"page":"215-223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Psychological Symptom Trajectories and Non\u2013Small Cell Lung Cancer Survival: A Joint Model Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Barbara L.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph P.","family":"McElroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David 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