{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T15:07:59Z","timestamp":1790867279966,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/psy.0b013e3181a6177c","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,24]],"date-time":"2009-06-24T20:55:14Z","timestamp":1245876914000},"page":"659-666","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Does Anxiety Affect Risk of Dementia? Findings From the Caerphilly Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Gallacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Bayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Fish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Pickering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Pedro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Dunstan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shah","family":"Ebrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoav","family":"Ben-Shlomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200508000-00007","article-title":"Effects of anxiety versus depression on cognition in later life.","volume":"13","author":"Bierman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R2-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1004","article-title":"Anxiety disorder and accompanying subjective memory loss in the elderly as a predictor of future cognitive decline.","volume":"18","author":"Sinoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R3-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000260968.92345.3f","article-title":"Predictors of progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease.","volume":"68","author":"Palmer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R4-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg224","article-title":"Negative affect and mortality in older persons.","volume":"158","author":"Wilson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"R5-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000149525.53525.E7","article-title":"Proneness to psychological distress and risk of Alzheimer disease in a biracial community.","volume":"64","author":"Wilson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R6-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.8.1290","article-title":"Depression in patients with mild cognitive impairment increases the risk of developing dementia of Alzheimer type: a prospective cohort study.","volume":"61","author":"Modrego","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"R7-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/60.6.744","article-title":"Do depressive symptoms predict Alzheimer\u2019s disease and dementia?","volume":"60","author":"Gatz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"R8-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.3.273","article-title":"Depressive symptoms, vascular disease, and mild cognitive impairment: findings from the Cardiovascular Health Study.","volume":"63","author":"Barnes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R9-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291796004199","article-title":"The course of depression in the elderly: a longitudinal community-based study in Australia.","volume":"27","author":"Henderson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R10-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.174.3.249","article-title":"Depression, cerebral atrophy, cognitive performance and incidence of dementia. Population study of 85-year-olds.","volume":"174","author":"Palsson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R11-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1614.2001.00967.x","article-title":"History of depression as a risk factor for dementia: an updated review.","volume":"35","author":"Jorm","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R12-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-003-0011-7","article-title":"Comorbidity of depression and anxiety in the elderly.","volume":"5","author":"Lenze","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"R13-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2001.00284.x","article-title":"Clinical significance and comorbidity of subthreshold depression and anxiety in the community.","volume":"104","author":"Preisig","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"R14-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1001","article-title":"Comorbidity and risk-patterns of depression, generalised anxiety disorder and mixed anxiety-depression in later life: results from the AMSTEL study.","volume":"18","author":"Schoevers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R15-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/28.2.238","article-title":"Anxiety as the reason why previous psychiatric illness is a risk factor for dementia.","volume":"28","author":"Krasucki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"R16-11-20210213","article-title":"The State Trait Anxiety Inventory.","author":"Spielberger","year":"2006"},{"key":"R17-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700021644","article-title":"A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire.","volume":"9","author":"Goldberg","year":"1979","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R18-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.149.6.698","article-title":"CAMDEX. A standardised instrument for the diagnosis of mental disorder in the elderly with special reference to the early detection of dementia.","volume":"149","author":"Roth","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R19-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.149.6.698","article-title":"CAMDEX. A standardised instrument for the diagnosis of mental disorder in the elderly with special reference to the early detection of dementia.","volume":"149","author":"Roth","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R20-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410070516","article-title":"Pathological verification of ischemic score in differentiation of dementias.","volume":"7","author":"Rosen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R21-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.11.1621","article-title":"The FAB: a frontal assessment battery at bedside.","volume":"55","author":"Dubois","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R22-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.11.2412-a","article-title":"The clinical dementia rating (CDR): current version and scoring rules.","volume":"43","author":"Morris","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R23-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700005742","article-title":"The informant questionnaire on cognitive decline in the elderly (IQCODE): socio-demographic correlates, reliability, validity and some norms.","volume":"19","author":"Jorm","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R24-11-20210213","article-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition.","year":"1994"},{"key":"R25-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/13854040490507145","article-title":"The pattern of neuropsychological deficits in vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia (vascular CIND).","volume":"18","author":"Nyenhuis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"R26-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390490515496","article-title":"Neuropsychological subgroups of cognitively-impaired-not-demented (CIND) individuals: delineation, reliability, and predictive validity.","volume":"27","author":"Peters","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"R27-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1159\/000115439","article-title":"Prevalence and pattern of cognitive impairment in a community cohort of men in South Wales: methodology and findings from the Caerphilly prospective study.","volume":"30","author":"Fish","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"R28-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007576324313","article-title":"Cognitive function in the Caerphilly study: associations with age social class, education and mood.","volume":"15","author":"Gallacher","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"R29-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700014744","article-title":"Social factors and minor psychiatric disorder in middle-aged men: a validation study and a population survey.","volume":"21","author":"Stansfeld","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R30-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.481","article-title":"Memory self-appraisal and depressive symptoms in people at genetic risk for Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"16","author":"Small","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R31-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199802)13:2<79::AID-GPS739>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"The relationship between anxiety disorders and age.","volume":"13","author":"Krasucki","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R32-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10425","article-title":"Prospective study of phobic anxiety and risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease.","volume":"18","author":"Weisskopf","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R33-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2001.00372.x","article-title":"Increased risk of developing Parkinson\u2019s disease for patients with major affective disorder: a register study.","volume":"104","author":"Nilsson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"R34-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200007)15:4<669::AID-MDS1011>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Anxiety disorders and depressive disorders preceding Parkinson\u2019s disease: a case-control study.","volume":"15","author":"Shiba","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R35-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7033.724","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s, Alzheimer\u2019s, and motor neurone disease.","volume":"312","author":"Ben-Shlomo","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R36-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91236","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/91236","article-title":"Role of apolipoprotein E in anxiety.","volume":"2007","author":"Raber","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"key":"R37-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.30172","article-title":"Recent advances in the neurobiology of anxiety disorders: implications for novel therapeutics.","volume":"148","author":"Mathew","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet"},{"key":"R38-11-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1385\/NMM:5:1:027","article-title":"The serotonergic system and anxiety.","volume":"5","author":"Gordon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuromolecular Med"}],"container-title":["Psychosomatic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00006842-200907000-00011","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T17:53:34Z","timestamp":1786038814000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00006842-200907000-00011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/psy.0b013e3181a6177c","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3174"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3174","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]}}}