{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T14:39:30Z","timestamp":1780324770126,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Radiographic imaging has been considered the gold standard in evaluating the skeletal alignment of the foot in static weightbearing. The effects of foot orthoses on the alignment of foot bones have been mostly evaluated using lateral view x-rays. The posterior\u2013anterior view has not been investigated extensively.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To investigate the effects of 2 foot orthoses: University of California Biomechanics Laboratory Orthosis (UCBL) and a prefabricated orthosis (P-FFO) on the alignment of foot bones on anterior\u2013posterior x-rays in young people with symptomatic flexible flatfoot (SFF).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This is a randomized, crossover study.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Fifteen participants (mean [SD], 23.67 \u00b1 2 years) with SFF were randomly imaged in 3 different conditions: shoes only, shoes + P-FFO, and shoes + UCBL. The talonavicular coverage, the first and the second talometatarsal angles, the intermetatarsal angle, and the cuboid abduction angle (CAA) were measured on weightbearing, anterior\u2013posterior x-ray images for each condition.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Both orthotic designs demonstrated a significant reduction in the talonavicular coverage, the first and the second talometatarsal angles, and the CAA compared with the shoe-only condition (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001). The talonavicular coverage angle reduced by \u223c11% using P-FFO compared with UCBL (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .005). No significant differences were observed for other angles between the 2 orthotic conditions.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Both orthotic conditions improved the talonavicular coverage, first and the second talometatarsal angle, and CAA in young people with SFF. The walls of the UCBL orthosis did not result in further correction of the talonavicular coverage angle compared with the prefabricated FFO design.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/pxr.0000000000000010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]],"date-time":"2021-04-17T04:16:22Z","timestamp":1618632982000},"page":"336-342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Immediate effect of prefabricated and UCBL foot orthoses on alignment of midfoot and forefoot in young people with symptomatic flexible flatfoot: A radiographic evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Mahdiyar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7066-5081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan","family":"Saeedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behnoosh","family":"Vasaghi-Gharamaleki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0672-8265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vahid","family":"Abdollah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250822","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-010-0239-9","article-title":"Flexible flatfoot in children and adolescents","volume":"4","author":"Mosca","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Child Orthop."},{"key":"R2-20250822","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2007.07.003","article-title":"Biomechanics and clinical analysis of the adult acquired flatfoot","volume":"24","author":"Richie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Pod Med Surg."},{"key":"R3-20250822","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S90649","article-title":"Symptomatic flexible flatfoot in adults: subtalar arthroereisis","volume":"11","author":"Ozan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag."},{"key":"R4-20250822","first-page":"22","article-title":"Flat foot in a random population and its impact on quality of life and functionality","volume":"11","author":"Pita-Fernandez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res."},{"key":"R5-20250822","first-page":"988","article-title":"Association of flatfoot with pain, fatigue and obesity in Japanese over sixties. 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