{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T04:03:46Z","timestamp":1773720226246,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639440000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on ambulatory activity and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in people with a lower limb amputation (LLA) in Norway. We hypothesized that the restrictions would negatively affect HR-QoL and decrease prosthetic wear time and ambulatory activity in participants with already limited mobility.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Twenty individuals with LLA (age and time since amputation 56.2 \u00b1 11.9 and 22.3 \u00b1 20.1 years, respectively) participated. Ambulatory activity (stepwatch: prosthetic wear time; steps per day; minutes of low-intensity (1\u201315 steps min<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>), moderate-intensity (16\u201340 steps min<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>), and high-intensity ambulation (&gt;40 steps min<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>)) and HR-QoL (EQ-5D-5L) data were collected prepandemic and 8\u201312 months later during pandemic restrictions. Semistructured interviews identified personal experiences of coping with restrictions.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Prosthetic wear time decreased significantly (\u22121.0 \u00b1 1.5 hours day<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                                 <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">, p &lt; 0.05<\/jats:italic>). Steps per day (440 \u00b1 1481), moderate-intensity and high-intensity ambulation (3.7 \u00b1 23.4, and 4.8 \u00b1 13.9 minutes day<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>, respectively), and EQ-5D-5L index (.02 \u00b1 .10) increased, whereas low-intensity ambulation decreased (\u22121.5 \u00b1 16.1 minutes day<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>), all nonsignificant changes. Qualitative analysis identified three themes related to coping with restrictions: (1) personal situation, (2) a prosthetic user\u2019s perspective, and (3) mindset.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Increased time spent at home might explain the decreased prosthetic wear time. Contrary to the hypothesis, participants did not decrease their physical activity, and the declined low-intensity ambulation was offset by increased moderate-intensity and high-intensity ambulation. A positive mindset, intrinsic motivation, and health awareness may be important factors for maintaining ambulatory activity and HR-QoL in people with LLA.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/pxr.0000000000000078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T15:00:45Z","timestamp":1640098845000},"page":"213-219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of the COVID-19 restrictions on physical activity and quality of life in adults with lower limb amputation"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8474-6157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirjam","family":"Mellema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Electronic and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9972-0347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martha","family":"Risnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Electronic and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7664-5513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peyman","family":"Mirtaheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Electronic and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8886-5532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terje","family":"Gj\u00f8vaag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250822","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3481","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2019.1597177","article-title":"What are the barriers and enablers that people with a lower limb amputation experience when walking in the community?","volume":"42","author":"Batten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"R2-20250822","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364617690394","article-title":"Factors influencing quality of life following lower limb amputation for peripheral arterial occlusive disease: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"41","author":"Davie-Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int"},{"key":"R3-20250822","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061583","article-title":"Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey","volume":"12","author":"Ammar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"R4-20250822","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3899","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17113899","article-title":"The Impact of COVID-19 on Physical Activity Behavior and Well-Being of Canadians","volume":"17","author":"Lesser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Publ Health"},{"key":"R5-20250822","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-104080","article-title":"Physical inactivity is associated with a higher risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes: a study in 48 440 adult patients","volume":"55","author":"Sallis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"R6-20250822","first-page":"1","article-title":"Obesity, walking pace and risk of severe COVID-19 and mortality: analysis of UK Biobank","author":"Yates","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"R7-20250822","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2012.04.0066","article-title":"Long-term activity in and among persons with transfemoral amputation","volume":"50","author":"Halsne","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"R8-20250822","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-8-80","article-title":"How many steps\/day are enough? 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