{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T06:10:38Z","timestamp":1791180638415,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many individuals with a transtibial amputation (TTA) exhibit balance deficits after limb loss. However, limited evidence exists on balance deficits of individuals with a TTA using hip, knee, and ankle kinematics and center of mass outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify balance control deficits in individuals with a TTA and determine to what extent they are accentuated without visual inputs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten individuals with TTA and 10 healthy controls undertook a biomechanical assessment during a 30-s quiet standing task with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC). The mean trunk, hip, knee, and ankle angles and center of pressure (COP) and center of mass excursions were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      More ankle dorsiflexion was observed for amputated limbs compared with intact lower limbs (mean difference: 5.8-degree,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.031). Less anteroposterior (mean difference: 26.5 mm,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and mediolateral (ML) (mean difference: 4.2 mm,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.042) COP excursions were found for amputated limbs compared with intact lower limbs and for control limbs compared with intact limbs (mean difference: 18.8 mm,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.019). Greater ML COP excursion was found during EC than during EO condition (mean difference: 1.1 mm,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.037).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals with a TTA presented a greater reliance on the intact lower limb, as highlighted by the greater ankle plantarflexion and anteroposterior and ML COP excursions for intact limbs compared with amputated limbs during quiet standing tasks. During EC condition, both groups exhibited greater ML COP excursions compared with EO condition, suggesting less postural stability. These differences may place them at greater risk of falling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/pxr.0000000000000086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T15:00:14Z","timestamp":1640098814000},"page":"134-139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Balance control deficits in individuals with a transtibial amputation with and without visual input"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1688-4811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Moisan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laval University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Kinesiology, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludovic","family":"Miramand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laval University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Kinesiology, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7695-2417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hananeh","family":"Younesian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laval University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Kinesiology, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Turcot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laval University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Kinesiology, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e374","DOI":"10.17269\/CJPH.108.6093","article-title":"Incidence of lower limb amputation in Canada","volume":"108","author":"Imam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"key":"R2-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280410001708850","article-title":"Amputation rehabilitation and prosthetic restoration. From surgery to community reintegration","volume":"26","author":"Esquenazi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"R3-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2012.08.019","article-title":"Knee and hip internal moments and upper-body kinematics in the frontal plane in unilateral transtibial amputees","volume":"37","author":"Molina Rueda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"R4-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.033","article-title":"Assessment of biomechanical deficits in individuals with a trans-tibial amputation during level gait using one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping","volume":"87","author":"Moisan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"R5-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.09.037","article-title":"Postural control in response to altered sensory conditions in persons with dysvascular and traumatic transtibial amputation","volume":"96","author":"Jayakaran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"R6-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2008.04.007","article-title":"Postural changes after sustained neck muscle contraction in persons with a lower leg amputation","volume":"19","author":"Duclos","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"key":"R7-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2006.12.005","article-title":"Vibration-induced post-effects: a means to improve postural asymmetry in lower leg amputees?","volume":"26","author":"Duclos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"R8-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.05.016","article-title":"Do predictive relationships exist between postural control and falls efficacy in unilateral transtibial prosthesis users?","volume":"99","author":"Barnett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"R9-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215505cr857oa","article-title":"Somatosensation, circulation and stance balance in elderly dysvascular transtibial amputees","volume":"19","author":"Quai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"R10-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977928390","article-title":"Postural reorganization following lower limb amputation. Possible motor and sensory determinants of recovery","volume":"24","author":"Geurts","year":"1992","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"R11-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.010","article-title":"Quantifying the magnitude of risk for balance impairment on falls in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"Muir","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"R12-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.25079","article-title":"The influence of falling, fear of falling, and balance confidence on prosthetic mobility and social activity among individuals with a lower extremity amputation","volume":"82","author":"Miller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"R13-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2017.1422031","article-title":"Physical activity participation amongst individuals with lower limb amputation","volume":"41","author":"Langford","year":"2019","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"R14-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2006.11.0147","article-title":"Review of secondary physical conditions associated with lower-limb amputation and long-term prosthesis use","volume":"45","author":"Gailey","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"R15-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2015.03.0044","article-title":"Balance confidence and activity of community-dwelling patients with transtibial amputation","volume":"53","author":"Mandel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"R16-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1080\/03093640802016514","article-title":"Physical activity and quality of life: A study of a lower-limb amputee population","volume":"32","author":"Deans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int"},{"key":"R17-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.06.072","article-title":"Reamputation, mortality, and health care costs among persons with dysvascular lower-limb amputations","volume":"86","author":"Dillingham","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"R18-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1639","article-title":"Incidence of lower-limb amputation in the diabetic and nondiabetic general population: a 10-year population-based cohort study of initial unilateral and contralateral amputations and reamputations","volume":"32","author":"Johannesson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R19-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00669.2013","article-title":"Sensory reweighting dynamics in human postural control","volume":"111","author":"Assl\u00e4nder","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"R20-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2002.88.3.1097","article-title":"Sensorimotor integration in human postural control","volume":"88","author":"Peterka","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"R21-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.12.024","article-title":"Postural responses to dynamic perturbations in amputee fallers versus nonfallers: a comparative study with able-bodied subjects","volume":"90","author":"Vanicek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"R22-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.24295","article-title":"The prevalence and risk factors of falling and fear of falling among lower extremity amputees","volume":"82","author":"Miller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"R23-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1097\/01.phm.0000219119.58965.8c","article-title":"Falls sustained during inpatient rehabilitation after lower limb amputation: prevalence and predictors","volume":"85","author":"Pauley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"R24-20250818","first-page":"174","article-title":"Standing sway and weight-bearing distribution in people with below-knee amputations","volume":"73","author":"Isakov","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"R25-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12376","article-title":"Falls after dysvascular transtibial amputation: a secondary analysis of falling characteristics and reduced physical performance","volume":"13","author":"Anderson","year":"2020","journal-title":"PM&R"},{"key":"R26-20250818","first-page":"344","article-title":"Frequency and circumstances of falls reported by ambulatory unilateral lower limb prosthesis users: a secondary analysis","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharm Manag PM R"},{"key":"R28-20250818","first-page":"1","article-title":"Postural control during quiet standing and voluntary stepping response tasks in individuals post-stroke: a case-control study","author":"Moisan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"key":"R29-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.260","article-title":"Outcomes after trans\u2010tibial amputation: the relationship between quiet stance ability, strength of hip abductor muscles and gait","volume":"7","author":"Nadollek","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physiother Res Int"},{"key":"R30-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3109\/03093648609164518","article-title":"Body sway in below-knee amputees","volume":"10","author":"Vittas","year":"1986","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int"},{"key":"R31-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2007.12.002","article-title":"Balance control on a moving platform in unilateral lower limb amputees","volume":"28","author":"Vrieling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"R32-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(01)00222-6","article-title":"ISB recommendation on definitions of joint coordinate system of various joints for the reporting of human joint motion--part I: ankle, hip, and spine. International Society of Biomechanics","volume":"35","author":"Wu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"R33-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(95)00017-C","article-title":"ISB recommendations for standardization in the reporting of kinematic data","volume":"28","author":"Wu","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"R34-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2011.02.001","article-title":"Relation between physical exertion and postural stability in hemiparetic participants secondary to stroke","volume":"33","author":"Carver","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"R35-20250818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-004-1195-1","article-title":"Effects of lumbar extensor fatigue and fatigue rate on postural sway","volume":"93","author":"Davidson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"}],"container-title":["Prosthetics &amp; Orthotics International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/PXR.0000000000000086","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T20:05:16Z","timestamp":1755547516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/PXR.0000000000000086"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/pxr.0000000000000086","relation":{},"ISSN":["0309-3646","1746-1553"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0309-3646","type":"print"},{"value":"1746-1553","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-01-19","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-01","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}