{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:38:12Z","timestamp":1791308292286,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"18","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,28]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/qad.0b013e3280108704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,18]],"date-time":"2006-11-18T01:36:04Z","timestamp":1163813764000},"page":"2275-2283","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":246,"title":["Increased carotid intima-media thickness in HIV patients is associated with increased cytomegalovirus-specific T-cell responses"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Priscilla Y","family":"Hsue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter W","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Sinclair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Bredt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlana","family":"Franklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maudi","family":"Killian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Hoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey N","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph M","family":"McCune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David D","family":"Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven G","family":"Deeks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200208150-00002","article-title":"Do protease inhibitors increase the risk for coronary heart disease in patients with HIV-1 infection?","volume":"30","author":"Klein","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"R2-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200311210-00010","article-title":"Increased risk of myocardial infarction with duration of protease inhibitor therapy in HIV-infected men","volume":"17","author":"Mary-Krause","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R3-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030218","article-title":"Combination antiretroviral therapy and the risk of myocardial infarction","volume":"349","author":"Friis-Moller","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R4-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra043430","article-title":"Inflammation atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease","volume":"352","author":"Hansson","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R5-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90741-6","article-title":"Serological evidence of an association of a novel Chlamydia, TWAR, with chronic coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction","volume":"2","author":"Saikku","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R6-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03440160066039","article-title":"Possible role of cytomegalovirus in atherogenesis","volume":"263","author":"Melnick","year":"1990","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R7-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200111270-00012","article-title":"Impact of cytomegalovirus hyperimmune globulin on outcome after cardiothoracic transplantation: a comparative study of combined prophylaxis with CMV hyperimmune globulin plus ganciclovir versus ganciclovir alone","volume":"72","author":"Valantine","year":"2001","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R8-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.1.61","article-title":"Impact of prophylactic immediate posttransplant ganciclovir on development of transplant atherosclerosis: a post hoc analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"100","author":"Valantine","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R9-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/79724","article-title":"T cell depletion in HIV-1 infection: how CD4+ T cells go out of stock","volume":"1","author":"Hazenberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"R10-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.2.233","article-title":"HIV-1 antigen-specific and -nonspecific B cell responses are sensitive to combination antiretroviral therapy","volume":"188","author":"Morris","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R11-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-09-3333","article-title":"Immune activation set point during early HIV infection predicts subsequent CD4+ T-cell changes independent of viral load","volume":"104","author":"Deeks","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R12-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-200206010-00002","article-title":"Increased HLA-DR expression on peripheral blood monocytes in subsets of subjects with primary HIV infection is associated with elevated CD4 T-cell apoptosis and CD4 T-cell depletion","volume":"30","author":"Gascon","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"R13-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E20","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0020020","article-title":"Immune Activation and CD8(+) T-Cell Differentiation towards Senescence in HIV-1 Infection","volume":"2","author":"Papagno","year":"2004","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"R14-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199808010-00004","article-title":"CD8+ T-lymphocyte activation in HIV-1 disease reflects an aspect of pathogenesis distinct from viral burden and immunodeficiency","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol"},{"key":"R15-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(02)02338-4","article-title":"Premature ageing of the immune system: the cause of AIDS?","volume":"23","author":"Appay","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"R16-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1038\/35073648","article-title":"The dynamics of CD4+ T-cell depletion in HIV disease","volume":"410","author":"McCune","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R17-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.2.687","article-title":"The efficiency of acute infection of CD4+ T cells is markedly enhanced in the setting of antigen-specific immune activation","volume":"183","author":"Weissman","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R18-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(89)90188-8","article-title":"T-cell subset alterations in HIV-infected homosexual men: NIAID Multicenter AIDS cohort study","volume":"52","author":"Giorgi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"R19-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7330","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.13.7330-7340.2003","article-title":"Enhanced detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific T-cell responses to highly variable regions by using peptides based on autologous virus sequences","volume":"77","author":"Altfeld","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R20-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021993","article-title":"Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events","volume":"347","author":"Ridker","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R21-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2825(1998)12:3<137::AID-JCLA2>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Development of a new microparticle-enhanced turbidimetric assay for C-reactive protein with superior features in analytical sensitivity and dynamic range","volume":"12","author":"Eda","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"R22-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009302","article-title":"Association of coronary heart disease incidence with carotid arterial wall thickness and major risk factors: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, 1987\u20131993","volume":"146","author":"Chambless","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"R23-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116078","article-title":"Carotid atherosclerosis measured by B-mode ultrasound in populations: associations with cardiovascular risk factors in the ARIC study","volume":"134","author":"Heiss","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"R24-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(92)90097-A","article-title":"Association of coagulation factors and inhibitors with carotid artery atherosclerosis. Early results of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"R25-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000124480.32233.8A","article-title":"Progression of atherosclerosis as assessed by carotid intima-media thickness in patients with HIV infection","volume":"109","author":"Hsue","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R26-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0320(19981001)33:2<206::AID-CYTO15>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Quantitation of CD38 expression using QuantiBRITE beads","volume":"33","author":"Iyer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cytometry"},{"key":"R27-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2004.17.445","article-title":"CMV antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell IFNgamma expression and proliferation responses in healthy CMV-seropositive individuals","volume":"17","author":"Sinclair","year":"2004","journal-title":"Viral Immunol"},{"key":"R28-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1086\/380098","article-title":"Strong cell-mediated immune responses are associated with the maintenance of low-level viremia in antiretroviral-treated individuals with drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1","volume":"189","author":"Deeks","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R29-3-20210130","article-title":"Linear, logistic, survival, and repeated measures models","author":"Vittinghoff","year":"2005"},{"key":"R30-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F123","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200011100-00001","article-title":"Premature lesions of the carotid vessels in HIV-1-infected patients treated with protease inhibitors","volume":"14","author":"Maggi","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R31-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200102160-00005","article-title":"Premature atherosclerosis in HIV-infected individuals\u2013focus on protease inhibitor therapy","volume":"15","author":"Depairon","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R32-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(01)00736-5","article-title":"Assessment of atherosclerosis using carotid ultrasonography in a cohort of HIV-positive patients treated with protease inhibitors","volume":"162","author":"Seminari","year":"2002","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"R33-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200304150-00004","article-title":"Brief report: carotid intima-media thickness in heavily pretreated HIV-infected patients","volume":"32","author":"Chironi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"R34-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000143835.95029.7D","article-title":"Atherosclerosis in patients infected with HIV is influenced by a mutant monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 allele","volume":"110","author":"Alonso-Villaverde","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R35-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000171406.53737.f9","article-title":"Carotid artery intima-media thickness and HIV infection: traditional risk factors overshadow impact of protease inhibitor exposure","volume":"19","author":"Currier","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R36-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11672-2","article-title":"Protease inhibitors and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with HIV-1","volume":"360","author":"Holmberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R38-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000114520.38748.AA","article-title":"Clinical features of acute coronary syndromes in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"109","author":"Hsue","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R39-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.4.457","article-title":"Acute myocardial infarction in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients","volume":"163","author":"Matetzky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R40-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/00019501-200002000-00008","article-title":"Accelerated coronary atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis in young human-immunodeficiency-virus-positive patients","volume":"11","author":"TaR","year":"2000","journal-title":"Coron Artery Dis"},{"key":"R41-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3561","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03420240075030","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus infection is associated with cardiac allograft rejection and atherosclerosis","volume":"261","author":"Grattan","year":"1989","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R42-3-20210130","first-page":"133","article-title":"Prolonged cytomegalovirus infection with viremia is associated with development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy","volume":"11","author":"Everett","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"R43-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2594","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.9.2594","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus antigen expression, endothelial cell proliferation, and intimal thickening in rat cardiac allografts after cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"92","author":"Lemstrom","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R44-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.16.1917","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus seropositivity and C-reactive protein have independent and combined predictive value for mortality in patients with angiographically demonstrated coronary artery disease","volume":"102","author":"Muhlestein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R45-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119338","article-title":"Determination of antigen-specific memory\/effector CD4+ T cell frequencies by flow cytometry: evidence for a novel, antigen-specific homeostatic mechanism in HIV-associated immunodeficiency","volume":"99","author":"Waldrop","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R46-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041049","article-title":"Insufficient production and tissue delivery of CD4+ memory T cells in rapidly progressive simian immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"200","author":"Picker","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R47-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0697","article-title":"Direct measurement of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses to CMV in HIV-1- infected subjects","volume":"279","author":"Komanduri","year":"2001","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"R48-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2001-11-0080","article-title":"Analysis of HIV-1- and CMV-specific memory CD4 T-cell responses during primary and chronic infection","volume":"100","author":"Harari","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R49-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199608293350903","article-title":"Association between prior cytomegalovirus infection and the risk of restenosis after coronary atherectomy","volume":"335","author":"Zhou","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R50-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043526","article-title":"Azithromycin for the secondary prevention of coronary events","volume":"352","author":"Grayston","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00002030-200611280-00003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T16:08:51Z","timestamp":1786032531000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00002030-200611280-00003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,28]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/qad.0b013e3280108704","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-9370"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-9370","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,28]]}}}