{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:49:45Z","timestamp":1790920185811,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,10]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/qad.0b013e32832efdf1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,25]],"date-time":"2009-08-25T03:12:37Z","timestamp":1251169957000},"page":"1807-1815","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Foreskin inflammation is associated with HIV and herpes simplex virus type-2 infections in Rakai, Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Kristine E","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark E","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Ssempiija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron AR","family":"Tobian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M","family":"Zenilman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maire A","family":"Duggan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Godfrey","family":"Kigozi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Serwadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria J","family":"Wawer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas C","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles S","family":"Rabkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald H","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e298","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0020298","article-title":"Randomized, controlled intervention trial of male circumcision for reduction of HIV infection risk: the ANRS 1265 Trial","volume":"2","author":"Auvert","year":"2005","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"R2-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60312-2","article-title":"Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"369","author":"Bailey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R3-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60313-4","article-title":"Male circumcision for HIV prevention in men in Rakai, Uganda: a randomised trial","volume":"369","author":"Gray","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R5-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0802556","article-title":"Male circumcision for the prevention of HSV-2 and HPV infections and syphilis","volume":"360","author":"Tobian","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R6-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02336-9","article-title":"Control of sexually transmitted diseases for HIV-1 prevention: understanding the implications of the Mwanza and Rakai trials","volume":"355","author":"Grosskurth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R7-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.75.1.3","article-title":"From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: the contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV infection","volume":"75","author":"Fleming","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"R8-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03410100119036","article-title":"The association between genital ulcer disease and acquisition of HIV infection in homosexual men","volume":"260","author":"Stamm","year":"1988","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R9-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/163.2.233","article-title":"Cofactors in male-female sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1","volume":"163","author":"Plummer","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R10-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199301000-00015","article-title":"Nonulcerative sexually transmitted diseases as risk factors for HIV-1 transmission in women: results from a cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Laga","year":"1993","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R11-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1086\/338231","article-title":"Risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection in herpes simplex virus type 2-seropositive persons: a meta-analysis","volume":"185","author":"Wald","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R12-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000198081.09337.a7","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus 2 infection increases HIV acquisition in men and women: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"20","author":"Freeman","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R13-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1086\/368357","article-title":"Recent herpes simplex virus type 2 infection and the risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 acquisition in India","volume":"187","author":"Reynolds","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R14-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/169.5.956","article-title":"Direct recovery of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-specific T lymphocyte clones from recurrent genital HSV-2 lesions","volume":"169","author":"Koelle","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R15-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200404150-00001","article-title":"The effects of herpes simplex virus-2 on HIV-1 acquisition and transmission: a review of two overlapping epidemics","volume":"35","author":"Corey","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"R16-3-20210130","first-page":"1021","article-title":"An association of cervical inflammation with high-grade cervical neoplasia in women infected with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV)","volume":"10","author":"Castle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"R17-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2007.12.002","article-title":"Epidemiologic analysis of histologic cervical inflammation: relationship to human papillomavirus infections","volume":"39","author":"Kovacic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Human Pathol"},{"key":"R18-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3880472","article-title":"In vivo identification of Langerhans and related dendritic cells infected with HIV-1 subtype E in vaginal mucosa of asymptomatic patients","volume":"14","author":"Bhoopat","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"R19-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64247-2","article-title":"Susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection of human foreskin and cervical tissue grown in explant culture","volume":"161","author":"Patterson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"R20-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00453-07","article-title":"Improved performance of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and the effect of human immunodeficiency virus coinfection on the serologic detection of herpes simplex virus type 2 in Rakai, Uganda","volume":"15","author":"Gamiel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"R22-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199802123380706","article-title":"Chemokines \u2013 chemotactic cytokines that mediate inflammation","volume":"338","author":"Luster","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R23-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1086\/315836","article-title":"Interactions between herpes simplex virus type 2 and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in African women: opportunities for intervention","volume":"182","author":"Mbopi-Keou","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R24-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.1.61","article-title":"Frequent recovery of HIV-1 from genital herpes simplex virus lesions in HIV-1-infected men","volume":"280","author":"Schacker","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R25-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328012b896","article-title":"Negative mucosal synergy between Herpes simplex type 2 and HIV in the female genital tract","volume":"21","author":"Rebbapragada","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R26-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1341-8076.2005.00267.x","article-title":"Relationship between HIV viral load and Langerhans cells of the cervical epithelium","volume":"31","author":"Levi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"R27-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31802c5b3a","article-title":"T-lymphocyte profile and total and virus-specific immunoglobulin concentrations in the cervix of HIV-1-infected women","volume":"44","author":"Quayle","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"R28-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2006.00663.x","article-title":"Langerhans cell density and high-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia in women with human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"34","author":"Taube","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"R29-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3180415da7","article-title":"Proinflammatory and type 1 cytokine expression in cervical mucosa during HIV-1 and human papillomavirus infection","volume":"45","author":"Behbahani","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"R30-3-20210130","first-page":"114","article-title":"Lymphocytes, Langerhans cells and CD68-positive monocytes\/macrophages in the skin of HIV-infected patients and normal controls","volume":"75","author":"Weier","year":"1991","journal-title":"Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol"},{"key":"R31-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1990.tb01454.x","article-title":"Epidermal interleukin 1 in normal skin of patients with HIV infection","volume":"123","author":"Dreno","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R32-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061792","article-title":"Virus-specific CD8+ T cells accumulate near sensory nerve endings in genital skin during subclinical HSV-2 reactivation","volume":"204","author":"Zhu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R33-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1086\/597074","article-title":"Factors associated with the prevalence and incidence of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among men in Rakai, Uganda","volume":"199","author":"Tobian","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R34-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000224973.60339.35","article-title":"Independent association of hygiene, socioeconomic status, and circumcision with reduced risk of HIV infection among Kenyan men","volume":"43","author":"Meier","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"R35-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)74133-X","article-title":"The diagnosis of chancroid and the effect of prophylaxis upon its incidence in the American Expeditionary Forces","volume":"4","author":"Moore","year":"1920","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R36-3-20210130","first-page":"297","article-title":"Soap and water prophylaxis for limiting genital ulcer disease and HIV-1 infection in men in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"69","author":"O'Farrell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"R38-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1309\/JVHQVDJDYKM58EPH","article-title":"HIV-1 target cells in foreskins of African men with varying histories of sexually transmitted infections","volume":"125","author":"Donoval","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"R39-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-004-0857-6","article-title":"Histopathological evaluation of the preputium in preschool and primary school boys","volume":"36","author":"Tokgoz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"R40-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2007.00763.x","article-title":"Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of Langerhans cells in condyloma acuminatum","volume":"35","author":"Feng","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"R41-3-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000237364.11123.98","article-title":"Potential HIV-1 target cells in the human penis","volume":"20","author":"McCoombe","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"}],"container-title":["AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00002030-200909100-00003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T18:05:15Z","timestamp":1786039515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00002030-200909100-00003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,10]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/qad.0b013e32832efdf1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-9370"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-9370","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,10]]}}}