{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T11:52:04Z","timestamp":1790855524317,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,10]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/qad.0b013e32832faf61","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,25]],"date-time":"2009-08-25T07:12:37Z","timestamp":1251184357000},"page":"F9-F17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Spatial phylodynamics of HIV-1 epidemic emergence in east Africa"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Rebecca R","family":"Gray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J","family":"Tatem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Lamers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Laeyendecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Serwadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelson","family":"Sewankambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald H","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Wawer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas C","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen M","family":"Goodenow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Salemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5453.607","article-title":"AIDS as a zoonosis: scientific and public health implications","volume":"287","author":"Hahn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R3-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1126531","article-title":"Chimpanzee reservoirs of pandemic and nonpandemic HIV-1","volume":"313","author":"Keele","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R5-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07390","article-title":"Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960","volume":"455","author":"Worobey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R6-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.00-0449fje","article-title":"Dating the common ancestor of SIVcpz and HIV-1 group M and the origin of HIV-1 subtypes using a new method to uncover clock-like molecular evolution","volume":"15","author":"Salemi","year":"2001","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"R7-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5472.1789","article-title":"Timing the ancestor of the HIV-1 pandemic strains","volume":"288","author":"Korber","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R8-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10498","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.22.10498-10507.2000","article-title":"Unprecedented degree of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) group M genetic diversity in the Democratic Republic of Congo suggests that the HIV-1 pandemic originated in Central Africa","volume":"74","author":"Vidal","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R9-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2983417","article-title":"Evidence for exposure to HTLV-III in Uganda before 1973","volume":"227","author":"Saxinger","year":"1985","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R10-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18566","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705329104","article-title":"The emergence of HIV\/AIDS in the Americas and beyond","volume":"104","author":"Gilbert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R11-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv136c1jw","article-title":"The African AIDS epidemic: a history","author":"Iliffe","year":"2006"},{"key":"R12-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1246","article-title":"The causes and consequences of HIV evolution","volume":"5","author":"Rambaut","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"R17-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000299406.44775.de","article-title":"Survival of HIV-infected treatment-naive individuals with documented dates of seroconversion in Rakai, Uganda","volume":"21","author":"Lutalo","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R18-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1086\/499952","article-title":"Different rates of disease progression of HIV type 1 infection in Tanzania based on infecting subtype","volume":"42","author":"Vasan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R19-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e88","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040088","article-title":"Relaxed phylogenetics and dating with confidence","volume":"4","author":"Drummond","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"R20-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6815","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.13.6815","article-title":"Likelihood-mapping: a simple method to visualize phylogenetic content of a sequence alignment","volume":"94","author":"Strimmer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R21-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msj079","article-title":"Accuracy of coalescent likelihood estimates: do we need more sites, more sequences, or more loci?","volume":"23","author":"Felsenstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"R22-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-7-214","article-title":"BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees","volume":"7","author":"Drummond","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Evol Biol"},{"key":"R23-1-20210130","article-title":"MacClade version 4: analysis of phylogeny and character evolution","author":"Maddison","year":"2003"},{"key":"R24-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3797","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti607","article-title":"An automated genotyping system for analysis of HIV-1 and other microbial sequences","volume":"21","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"R25-1-20210130","article-title":"HYDE 3: current and historical population and land cover","author":"Klein Goldewijk","year":"2006"},{"key":"R27-1-20210130","first-page":"285","article-title":"Living in a walking world: rural mobility and social equity issues in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"30","author":"Porter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Geogr Rev"},{"key":"R29-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200208150-00001","article-title":"Primary HIV-1 subtype C infection in Ethiopia","volume":"30","author":"Rinke de Wit","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"R30-1-20210130","first-page":"593","article-title":"Comparison of mother-to-child transmission rates in Ugandan women with subtype A versus D HIV-1 who received single-dose nevirapine prophylaxis: HIV Network For Prevention Trials 012","volume":"39","author":"Eshleman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"R31-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1089\/088922204322996518","article-title":"HIV type 1 pol gene diversity and archived nevirapine resistance mutation in pregnant women in Rwanda","volume":"20","author":"Servais","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"R32-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2005.21.661","article-title":"Genetic diversification and recombination of HIV type 1 group M in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"R33-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000159670.18326.94","article-title":"Distribution of HIV-1 variants in the Democratic Republic of Congo suggests increase of subtype C in Kinshasa between 1997 and 2002","volume":"40","author":"Vidal","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"R34-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2008.05.003","article-title":"Highly divergent subtypes and new recombinant forms prevail in the HIV\/AIDS epidemic in Angola: new insights into the origins of the AIDS pandemic","volume":"9","author":"B\u00e1rtolo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"R35-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1089\/088922201750237031","article-title":"Emergence of new HIV-1 subtypes other than Subtype C among antenatal women in Lusaka, Zambia","volume":"17","author":"Handema","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"R36-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4393","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.5.4393-4403.1999","article-title":"Subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and disease stage among women in Nairobi, Kenya","volume":"73","author":"Neilson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R37-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1089\/088922202320886325","article-title":"Among 46 near full length HIV type 1 genome sequences from Rakai District, Uganda, subtype D and AD recombinants predominate","volume":"18","author":"Harris","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"R38-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2001.0863","article-title":"The origins of acquired immune deficiency syndrome viruses: where and when?","volume":"356","author":"Sharp","year":"2001","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"R39-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199808000-00013","article-title":"Evidence of stable HIV seroprevalences in selected populations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"12","author":"Mulanga-Kabeya","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R40-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/155.6.1108","article-title":"Retrospective seroepidemiology of AIDS virus infection in Nairobi populations","volume":"155","author":"Piot","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R41-1-20210130","first-page":"95","article-title":"African migrations: continuities, discontinuities and recent transformations","author":"Bakewell","year":"2007"},{"key":"R42-1-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61015-0","article-title":"Prevalence of HIV infection in conflict-affected and displaced people in seven sub-Saharan African countries: a systematic review","volume":"369","author":"Spiegel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00002030-200909100-00001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T12:58:57Z","timestamp":1685105937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00002030-200909100-00001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,10]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/qad.0b013e32832faf61","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-9370"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-9370","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,10]]}}}