{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:12:36Z","timestamp":1791202356635,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"16","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,23]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/qad.0b013e328330ed24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,10]],"date-time":"2009-10-10T07:32:59Z","timestamp":1255159979000},"page":"2079-2089","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Acute hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients: rare spontaneous clearance correlates with weak memory CD4 T-cell responses to hepatitis C virus"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Schnuriger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Dominguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marguerite","family":"Guiguet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sawsan","family":"Harfouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assia","family":"Samri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zineb","family":"Ouazene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Slama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc-Antoine","family":"Valantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Thibault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Autran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki277","article-title":"HCV\/HIV-coinfection: is there a state of the art after APRICOT and RIBAVIC?","volume":"56","author":"Mauss","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"R2-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-138-3-200302040-00012","article-title":"Hepatitis C in the HIV-infected person","volume":"138","author":"Sulkowski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R3-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e492","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030492","article-title":"Impaired hepatitis C virus-specific T cell responses and recurrent hepatitis C virus in HIV coinfection","volume":"3","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"R4-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.2.862-870.2003","article-title":"The clearance of hepatitis C virus infection in chimpanzees may not necessarily correlate with the appearance of acquired immunity","volume":"77","author":"Thomson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R5-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20253","article-title":"Effects of antiviral therapy on the cellular immune response in acute hepatitis C","volume":"40","author":"Rahman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R6-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.037788","article-title":"Multispecific T cell response and negative HCV RNA tests during acute HCV infection are early prognostic factors of spontaneous clearance","volume":"53","author":"Spada","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R7-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1088774","article-title":"HCV persistence and immune evasion in the absence of memory T cell help","volume":"302","author":"Grakoui","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R8-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12584","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.24.12584-12595.2002","article-title":"Broad specificity of virus-specific CD4+ T-helper-cell responses in resolved hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"76","author":"Day","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R9-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20042284","article-title":"Immune evasion versus recovery after acute hepatitis C virus infection from a shared source","volume":"201","author":"Tester","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R10-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s001090050062","article-title":"The role of hepatitis C virus specific CD4+ T lymphocytes in acute and chronic hepatitis C","volume":"74","author":"Diepolder","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Mol Med"},{"key":"R11-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.1.483","article-title":"Conserved hierarchy of helper T cell responses in a chimpanzee during primary and secondary hepatitis C virus infections","volume":"172","author":"Shoukry","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R12-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.194.10.1395","article-title":"Determinants of viral clearance and persistence during acute hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"194","author":"Thimme","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R13-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6104","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.12.6104-6113.2002","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of CD8(+)-T-cell responses against hepatitis C virus reveals multiple unpredicted specificities","volume":"76","author":"Lauer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R14-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030239","article-title":"Memory CD8+ T cells are required for protection from persistent hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"197","author":"Shoukry","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R15-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041006","article-title":"CD8 epitope escape and reversion in acute HCV infection","volume":"200","author":"Timm","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R16-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20856","article-title":"Intrahepatic CD8+ T-cell failure during chronic hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"42","author":"Spangenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R17-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3447","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.6.3447","article-title":"Impaired effector function of hepatitis C virus-specific CD8+ T cells in chronic hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"169","author":"Wedemeyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R18-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0528.2002.017417.x","article-title":"Life, activation and death of intrahepatic lymphocytes in chronic hepatitis C","volume":"174","author":"Valiante","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"R19-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200203290-00006","article-title":"Strong CD4 Th1 responses to HIV and hepatitis C virus in HIV-infected long-term nonprogressors co-infected with hepatitis C virus","volume":"16","author":"Alatrakchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R20-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200205240-00004","article-title":"HIV long-term nonprogressors maintain brisk CD8 T cell responses to other viral antigens","volume":"16","author":"Valdez","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R21-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1086\/427778","article-title":"CD8+ cell responses to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the liver of persons with HCV-HIV coinfection versus HCV monoinfection","volume":"191","author":"Alatrakchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R22-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200108)31:8<2388::AID-IMMU2388>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Direct ex vivo comparison of the breadth and specificity of the T cells in the liver and peripheral blood of patients with chronic HCV infection","volume":"31","author":"Grabowska","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"R23-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5692","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.10.5692","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of hepatitis C virus-specific CD8(+) T cells in peripheral blood and liver using peptide-MHC tetramers","volume":"96","author":"He","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R24-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1086\/382278","article-title":"Kinetics of intrahepatic hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CD4+ T cell responses in HCV and Schistosoma mansoni coinfection: relation to progression of liver fibrosis","volume":"189","author":"Kamal","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R25-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3339","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.149.10.3339","article-title":"Intrahepatic cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for hepatitis C virus in persons with chronic hepatitis","volume":"149","author":"Koziel","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R26-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.9635","article-title":"Liver-derived hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CD4(+) T cells recognize multiple HCV epitopes and produce interferon gamma","volume":"32","author":"Schirren","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R27-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3493","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535035","article-title":"Differences in HCV-specific T cell responses between chronic HCV infection and HIV\/HCV co-infection","volume":"35","author":"Dutoit","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"R28-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-06-2336","article-title":"The magnitude and breadth of hepatitis C virus-specific CD8+ T cells depend on absolute CD4+ T-cell count in individuals coinfected with HIV-1","volume":"105","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R29-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.083758","article-title":"Diminished frequency of hepatitis C virus specific interferon {gamma} secreting CD4+ T cells in human immunodeficiency virus\/hepatitis C virus coinfected patients","volume":"55","author":"Harcourt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R30-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2817","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.6.2817-2826.2002","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1-hepatitis C virus coinfection: intraindividual comparison of cellular immune responses against two persistent viruses","volume":"76","author":"Lauer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R31-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1086\/587843","article-title":"Impact of HIV on host-virus interactions during early hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"197","author":"Danta","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R32-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15109-4","article-title":"Viral hepatitis C","volume":"362","author":"Poynard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R33-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00668-1","article-title":"Acute hepatitis C: high rate of both spontaneous and treatment-induced viral clearance","volume":"125","author":"Gerlach","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R34-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.03.003","article-title":"Short statement of the first European Consensus Conference on the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C in HIV co-infected patients","volume":"42","author":"Alberti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R35-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20266","article-title":"Pegylated interferon alpha therapy in acute hepatitis C: relation to hepatitis C virus-specific T cell response kinetics","volume":"39","author":"Kamal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R36-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200401020-00015","article-title":"Decreased frequencies of virus-specific T helper type 1 cells during interferon alpha plus ribavirin treatment in HIV-hepatitis C virus co-infection","volume":"18","author":"Alatrakchi","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R37-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12979","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.20.12979-12988.2005","article-title":"Full-breadth analysis of CD8+ T-cell responses in acute hepatitis C virus infection and early therapy","volume":"79","author":"Lauer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R38-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2004.03.009","article-title":"TaqMan amplification system with an internal positive control for HCV RNA quantitation","volume":"31","author":"Castelain","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"R39-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(03)00070-3","article-title":"Determining hepatitis C genotype by analyzing the sequence of the NS5b region","volume":"109","author":"Sandres-Saune","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"R40-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20749","article-title":"Comprehensive analyses of CD8+ T cell responses during longitudinal study of acute human hepatitis C","volume":"42","author":"Cox","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R41-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.06.015","article-title":"High resolution analysis of cellular immune responses in resolved and persistent hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"127","author":"Lauer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R42-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.9.1499","article-title":"Analysis of successful immune responses in persons infected with hepatitis C virus","volume":"191","author":"Lechner","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R43-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50115","article-title":"Novel CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell determinants within the NS3 protein in subjects with spontaneously resolved HCV infection","volume":"37","author":"Wertheimer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R44-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2807\/esm.10.05.00535-en","article-title":"Acute hepatitis C infection in HIV positive men who have sex with men in Paris, France, 2001\u20132004","volume":"10","author":"Gambotti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"R45-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000174930.64145.a9","article-title":"Transmission of hepatitis C virus among HIV-positive homosexual men and response to a 24-week course of pegylated interferon and ribavirin","volume":"40","author":"Gilleece","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"R46-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000171412.61360.f8","article-title":"A cluster of acute hepatitis C virus infection among men who have sex with men: results from contact tracing and public health implications","volume":"19","author":"Gotz","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R47-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1086\/431486","article-title":"Unsafe sex and increased incidence of hepatitis C virus infection among HIV-infected men who have sex with men: the Swiss HIV Cohort study","volume":"41","author":"Rauch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R48-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.4.1561-1563.2006","article-title":"Early detection of hepatitis C virus infection by use of a new combined antigen-antibody detection assay: potential use for high-risk individuals","volume":"44","author":"Schnuriger","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R49-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000200541.40633.56","article-title":"Sexually transmitted acute infection with a clustered genotype 4 hepatitis C virus in HIV-1-infected men and inefficacy of early antiviral therapy","volume":"20","author":"Serpaggi","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R50-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2005.00651.x","article-title":"Spontaneous viral clearance following acute hepatitis C infection: a systematic review of longitudinal studies","volume":"13","author":"Micallef","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"R51-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1086\/592171","article-title":"Spontaneous viral clearance, viral load, and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in HIV-infected patients with anti-HCV antibodies in Europe","volume":"198","author":"Soriano","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R52-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000226956.02719.fd","article-title":"Efficacy of early treatment of acute hepatitis C infection with pegylated interferon and ribavirin in HIV-infected patients","volume":"20","author":"Dominguez","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R53-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2005.00580.x","article-title":"Treatment of acute hepatitis C infection in HIV-infected patients: a retrospective analysis of eleven cases","volume":"12","author":"Vogel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"R54-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2839","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.23.2839","article-title":"Pegylated interferon alfa-2b vs standard interferon alfa-2b, plus ribavirin, for chronic hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"292","author":"Carrat","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R55-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032653","article-title":"Peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin versus interferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C in HIV-coinfected persons","volume":"351","author":"Chung","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R56-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F27","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200409030-00003","article-title":"Peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin compared with interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for treatment of HIV\/HCV co-infected patients","volume":"18","author":"Laguno","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R57-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040842","article-title":"Peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-infected patients","volume":"351","author":"Torriani","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R58-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20856","article-title":"Influence of HCV genotype and co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses to hepatitis C virus","volume":"79","author":"Capa","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"R59-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350701200404","article-title":"Evolution of T-cell responses to hepatitis C virus (HCV) during pegylated interferon plus ribavirin treatment in HCV-monoinfected and in HCV\/HIV-coinfected patients","volume":"12","author":"Capa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"R60-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3154","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02474-07","article-title":"High level of PD-1 expression on hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells during acute HCV infection, irrespective of clinical outcome","volume":"82","author":"Kasprowicz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R61-2-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11398","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01177-06","article-title":"PD-1 expression in acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with HCV-specific CD8 exhaustion","volume":"80","author":"Urbani","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"}],"container-title":["AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328330ed24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T03:43:14Z","timestamp":1685158994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00002030-200910230-00002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,23]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/qad.0b013e328330ed24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-9370"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-9370","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,23]]}}}