{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:44:05Z","timestamp":1791423845002,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,28]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/qad.0b013e32834ed7f0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,18]],"date-time":"2011-11-18T06:20:50Z","timestamp":1321597250000},"page":"387-393","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Bacterial vaginosis, HIV serostatus and T-cell subset distribution in a cohort of East African commercial sex workers"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"John J.","family":"Schellenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Card","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. Blake","family":"Ball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane Njeri","family":"Mungai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erastus","family":"Irungu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Kimani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Jaoko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Wachihi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith R.","family":"Fowke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis A.","family":"Plummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-15-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)12269-2","article-title":"Resistance to HIV-1 infection among persistently seronegative prostitutes in Nairobi, Kenya.","volume":"348","author":"Fowke","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R2-15-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283196a80","article-title":"The immunologic advantage of HIV-exposed seronegative individuals.","volume":"23","author":"Miyazawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R3-15-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4446","DOI":"10.1021\/pr800406r","article-title":"Identification of differentially expressed proteins in the cervical mucosa of HIV-1-resistant sex workers.","volume":"7","author":"Burgener","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"R4-15-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32832ea643","article-title":"Elevated elafintrappin-2 in the female genital tract is associated with protection against HIV acquisition.","volume":"23","author":"Iqbal","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R5-15-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1086\/597801","article-title":"Decreased immune activation in resistance to HIV-1 infection is associated with an elevated frequency of CD4()CD25()FOXP3() regulatory T cells.","volume":"199","author":"Card","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R7-15-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200303070-00008","article-title":"Mucosal and systemic HIV-1-specific immunity in HIV-1-exposed but uninfected heterosexual men.","volume":"17","author":"Lo Caputo","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R8-15-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000221","article-title":"Low-level exposure to HIV induces virus-specific T cell responses and immune activation in exposed HIV-seronegative individuals.","volume":"185","author":"Restrepo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R9-15-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1706","article-title":"Perils at mucosal front lines for HIV and SIV and their hosts.","volume":"5","author":"Haase","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"R11-15-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2005.apm_01.x","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis. Transmission, role in genital tract infection and pregnancy outcome: an enigma.","volume":"113","author":"Larsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Apmis"},{"key":"R12-15-20210130","first-page":"259","article-title":"Taxonomy of vaginosis: bacterial vaginosis: a definition.","volume":"86","author":"Westrom","year":"1984","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl"},{"key":"R13-15-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283021a37","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis and HIV acquisition: a meta-analysis of published studies.","volume":"22","author":"Atashili","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R14-15-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2003.007161","article-title":"Life in the littoral zone: lactobacilli losing the plot.","volume":"81","author":"Hay","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"R15-15-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.29.2.297-301.1991","article-title":"Reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by a standardized method of gram stain interpretation.","volume":"29","author":"Nugent","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R16-15-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1086\/315127","article-title":"Vaginal lactobacilli, microbial flora, and risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and sexually transmitted disease acquisition.","volume":"180","author":"Martin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R17-15-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1086\/462427","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis and susceptibility to HIV infection in South African women: a nested case-control study.","volume":"192","author":"Myer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R18-15-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1086\/497150","article-title":"Association between genital tract cytomegalovirus infection and bacterial vaginosis.","volume":"192","author":"Ross","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R19-15-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2008.03.004","article-title":"Flow cytometric quantification of bacteria in vaginal swab samples self-collected by adolescents attending a gynecology clinic.","volume":"73","author":"Schellenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"R20-15-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1155\/S1064744903000036","article-title":"Leukocyte esterase activity in vaginal fluid of pregnant and nonpregnant women with vaginitisvaginosis and in controls.","volume":"11","author":"Mardh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R22-15-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5139","DOI":"10.1021\/pr200596r","article-title":"Comprehensive proteomic study identifies serpin and cystatin antiproteases as novel correlates of HIV-1 resistance in the cervicovaginal mucosa of female sex workers.","volume":"10","author":"Burgener","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"R23-15-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4066","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02943-10","article-title":"Molecular definition of vaginal microbiota in East African commercial sex workers.","volume":"77","author":"Schellenberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"R24-15-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199813000-00019","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis and disturbances of vaginal flora: association with increased acquisition of HIV.","volume":"12","author":"Taha","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R25-15-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181a4f695","article-title":"Disentangling contributions of reproductive tract infections to HIV acquisition in African women.","volume":"36","author":"van de Wijgert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"R26-15-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3282f27035","article-title":"Reduced rates of HIV acquisition during unprotected sex by Kenyan female sex workers predating population declines in HIV prevalence.","volume":"22","author":"Kimani","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R27-15-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1086\/587490","article-title":"Improvement of vaginal health for Kenyan women at risk for acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: results of a randomized trial.","volume":"197","author":"McClelland","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32834ed7f0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T20:26:21Z","timestamp":1786047981000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00002030-201201280-00015"}},"subtitle":["retrospective analysis"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,28]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/qad.0b013e32834ed7f0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-9370"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-9370","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,28]]}}}