{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T12:16:54Z","timestamp":1773922614816,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/qad.0b013e3283573305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,27]],"date-time":"2012-06-27T16:11:49Z","timestamp":1340813509000},"page":"39-47","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Herpes viruses and HIV-1 drug resistance mutations influence the virologic and immunologic milieu of the male genital tract"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Gianella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheldon R.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christy","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celsa A.","family":"Spina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milenka V.","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason A.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas D.","family":"Richman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan J.","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davey M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200003303421303","article-title":"Viral load and heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.","volume":"342","author":"Quinn","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R2-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04331-2","article-title":"Probability of HIV-1 transmission per coital act in monogamous, heterosexual, HIV-1-discordant couples in Rakai, Uganda.","volume":"357","author":"Gray","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R3-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32830bfed8","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus 2 serostatus and viral loads of HIV-1 in blood and semen as risk factors for HIV transmission among men who have sex with men.","volume":"22","author":"Butler","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R4-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77ra29","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3001888","article-title":"Genital HIV-1 RNA predicts risk of heterosexual HIV-1 transmission.","volume":"3","author":"Baeten","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"R5-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762002000400021","article-title":"Lack of correlation between seminal and plasma HIV-1 viral loads is associated with CD4 T cell depletion in therapy-naive HIV-1 patients.","volume":"97","author":"Pinto-Neto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"R6-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010061","article-title":"Risk factors for HIV-1 shedding in semen.","volume":"150","author":"Speck","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"R7-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318141fe9b","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus viral load in blood plasma and semen: review and implications of empirical findings.","volume":"35","author":"Kalichman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"R8-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro794","article-title":"The role of sexually transmitted diseases in HIV transmission.","volume":"2","author":"Galvin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"R9-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)02190-9","article-title":"Reduction of concentration of HIV-1 in semen after treatment of urethritis: implications for prevention of sexual transmission of HIV-1. AIDSCAP Malawi Research Group.","volume":"349","author":"Cohen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R10-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181812d15","article-title":"The effect of genital tract infections on HIV-1 shedding in the genital tract: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"35","author":"Johnson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"R11-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200110000-00005","article-title":"A systematic review of the epidemiologic interactions between classic sexually transmitted diseases and HIV: how much really is known.","volume":"28","author":"Rottingen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"R12-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06077-11","article-title":"Associations between the virologic and immunologic dynamics in blood and in the male genital tract.","volume":"86","author":"Gianella","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R13-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1086\/522523","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus (HSV) suppression with valacyclovir reduces rectal and blood plasma HIV-1 levels in HIV-1HSV-2-seropositive men: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial.","volume":"196","author":"Zuckerman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R14-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000198081.09337.a7","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus 2 infection increases HIV acquisition in men and women: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.","volume":"20","author":"Freeman","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R15-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1086\/498576","article-title":"Disproportionately high semen shedding of HIV is associated with compartmentalized cytomegalovirus reactivation.","volume":"193","author":"Sheth","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R16-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir700","article-title":"Semen of HIV-1-infected individuals: local shedding of herpes viruses and reprogrammed cytokine network.","volume":"205","author":"Lisco","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R17-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1086\/345771","article-title":"Changes in plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA associated with herpes simplex virus reactivation and suppression.","volume":"186","author":"Schacker","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R18-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1086\/315836","article-title":"Interactions between herpes simplex virus type 2 and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in African women: opportunities for intervention.","volume":"182","author":"Mbopi-Keou","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R19-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1086\/383049","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation and genital shedding of herpes simplex virus among HIV-1-infected women: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"189","author":"Baeten","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R20-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0904849","article-title":"Acyclovir and transmission of HIV-1 from persons infected with HIV-1 and HSV-2.","volume":"362","author":"Celum","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R21-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir700","article-title":"Semen of HIV-1-infected individuals: local shedding of herpes viruses and reprogrammed cytokine network.","volume":"205","author":"Lisco","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R22-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2009.10.010","article-title":"War and peace between microbes: HIV-1 interactions with coinfecting viruses.","volume":"6","author":"Lisco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"R23-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2011.12.013","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus load and immune activation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients.","volume":"53","author":"Petrara","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"R24-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5510","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02579-07","article-title":"Persistence of transmitted drug resistance among subjects with primary human immunodeficiency virus infection.","volume":"82","author":"Little","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R25-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000131364.60081.01","article-title":"The prostate as a reservoir for HIV-1.","volume":"18","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R26-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18re11","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3000447","article-title":"The origins of sexually transmitted HIV among men who have sex with men.","volume":"2","author":"Butler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"R27-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200309050-00005","article-title":"Dynamics of HIV viremia and antibody seroconversion in plasma donors: implications for diagnosis and staging of primary HIV infection.","volume":"17","author":"Fiebig","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R28-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000581","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000581","article-title":"An evolutionary model-based algorithm for accurate phylogenetic breakpoint mapping and subtype prediction in HIV-1.","volume":"5","author":"Kosakovsky Pond","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"R29-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/27.1.348","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase and protease sequence database.","volume":"27","author":"Shafer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"R31-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.34.11.2695-2701.1996","article-title":"Evaluation of a quality assurance program for quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in plasma by the AIDS Clinical Trials Group virology laboratories.","volume":"34","author":"Yen-Lieberman","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R32-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11104","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.21.11104-11112.2002","article-title":"Evolution of phenotypic drug susceptibility and viral replication capacity during long-term virologic failure of protease inhibitor therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults.","volume":"76","author":"Barbour","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R33-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200102153440702","article-title":"Virologic and immunologic consequences of discontinuing combination antiretroviral-drug therapy in HIV-infected patients with detectable viremia.","volume":"344","author":"Deeks","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R35-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir060","article-title":"Valganciclovir reduces T cell activation in HIV-infected individuals with incomplete CD4 T cell recovery on antiretroviral therapy.","volume":"203","author":"Hunt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R36-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2009.009296","article-title":"Quantitative and qualitative correlates of cervicovaginal herpes simplex virus type 2 shedding among HIV-infected women in the Womens Interagency HIV Study.","volume":"22","author":"Aumakhan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"R37-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.1","article-title":"Mucosal correlates of isolated HIV semen shedding during effective antiretroviral therapy.","volume":"5","author":"Sheth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"R38-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP1879","article-title":"Valganciclovir prophylaxis against cytomegalovirus impairs lymphocyte proliferation and activation in renal transplant recipients.","volume":"16","author":"Reischig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"R39-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1086\/518791","article-title":"Risk factors for human herpes virus 8 infection among adults in the United States and evidence for sexual transmission.","volume":"196","author":"Engels","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R40-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1086\/315039","article-title":"Evidence for concurrent epidemics of human herpes virus 8 and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in US homosexual men: rates, risk factors, and relationship to Kaposis sarcoma.","volume":"180","author":"OBrien","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R41-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19980812)77:4<543::AID-IJC12>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Risk factors for Kaposis-sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHVHHV-8) seropositivity in a cohort of homosexual men, 1981-1996.","volume":"77","author":"Melbye","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"R42-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1086\/588820","article-title":"Valganciclovir for suppression of human herpes virus-8 replication: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.","volume":"198","author":"Casper","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R43-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200011093431904","article-title":"Mucosal shedding of human herpes virus 8 in men.","volume":"343","author":"Pauk","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R44-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200403010-00003","article-title":"HIV infection and human herpes virus-8 oral shedding among men who have sex with men.","volume":"35","author":"Casper","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"R45-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1086\/509621","article-title":"Frequent and asymptomatic oropharyngeal shedding of human herpes virus 8 among immunocompetent men.","volume":"195","author":"Casper","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R46-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21286","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021286","article-title":"Human herpes virus 8 seropositivity among sexually active adults in Uganda.","volume":"6","author":"Shebl","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R47-6-20210130","first-page":"158","article-title":"Seroprevalence and determinants of human herpes virus 8 infection in adult Nigerians with and without HIV-1 infection.","volume":"11","author":"Ogoina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"R48-6-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03287.x","article-title":"Prevalence of human herpes virus 8 and hepatitis C virus in a rural community with a high risk for blood-borne infections in central China.","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"}],"container-title":["AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00002030-201301020-00006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,10]],"date-time":"2021-04-10T07:17:09Z","timestamp":1618039029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00002030-201301020-00006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/qad.0b013e3283573305","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-9370"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-9370","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]]}}}