{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:48:23Z","timestamp":1792183703127,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,24]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/qad.0b013e328362e856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,9]],"date-time":"2013-05-09T13:00:51Z","timestamp":1368104451000},"page":"2441-2450","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["HIV-1 outcompetes HIV-2 in dually infected Senegalese individuals with low CD4+ cell counts"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Dana N.","family":"Raugi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey S.","family":"Gottlieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Papa S.","family":"Sow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Macoumba","family":"Toure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Sall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awa","family":"Gaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibra","family":"N\u2019doye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy B.","family":"Kiviat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen E.","family":"Hawes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8979","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.14.8979-8990.2005","article-title":"The replicative fitness of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) group M, HIV-1 group O, and HIV-2 isolates.","volume":"79","author":"Arien","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R2-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510170073033","article-title":"Epidemiology and transmission of HIV-2. Why there is no HIV-2 pandemic.","volume":"270","author":"De Cock","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R3-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199311000-00002","article-title":"Cellular and plasma viral load in patients infected with HIV-2.","volume":"7","author":"Simon","year":"1993","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R4-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1994.10.1031","article-title":"HIV type 2 proviral load measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction correlates with CD4 lymphopenia in HIV type 2-infected individuals.","volume":"10","author":"Berry","year":"1994","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"R5-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1086\/339295","article-title":"Equal plasma viral loads predict a similar rate of CD4 T cell decline in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1- and HIV-2-infected individuals from Senegal, West Africa.","volume":"185","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R6-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92682-8","article-title":"Vertical transmission of HIV-2.","volume":"335","author":"Matheron","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R7-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90065-5","article-title":"Slower heterosexual spread of HIV-2 than HIV-1.","volume":"343","author":"Kanki","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R8-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199411000-00015","article-title":"HIV-2-infected patients survive longer than HIV-1-infected patients.","volume":"8","author":"Whittle","year":"1994","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R9-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199712150-00003","article-title":"Rate of decline of percentage CD4 cells is faster in HIV-1 than in HIV-2 infection.","volume":"16","author":"Jaffar","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol"},{"key":"R10-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7915856","article-title":"Reduced rate of disease development after HIV-2 infection as compared to HIV-1.","volume":"265","author":"Marlink","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R11-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2593","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200312050-00006","article-title":"Factors associated with clinical progression in HIV-2 infected-patients: the French ANRS cohort.","volume":"17","author":"Matheron","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R12-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90586-7","article-title":"Simultaneous isolation of HIV-1 and HIV-2 from an AIDS patient.","volume":"2","author":"Evans","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R13-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199309000-00006","article-title":"Characterization of dual HIV-1 and HIV-2 serological profiles by polymerase chain reaction.","volume":"7","author":"Leonard","year":"1993","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R14-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1089\/088922299310467","article-title":"High concordance between polymerase chain reaction and antibody testing of specimens from individuals dually infected with HIV types 1 and 2 in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa.","volume":"15","author":"Walther-Jallow","year":"1999","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"R15-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199802000-00002","article-title":"HIV-1 and HIV-2 dual infection: lack of HIV-2 provirus correlates with low CD4 lymphocyte counts.","volume":"12","author":"Sarr","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R16-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7539936","article-title":"Natural protection against HIV-1 infection provided by HIV-2.","volume":"268","author":"Travers","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R17-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00196351","article-title":"Inhibition of HIV-1 expression by HIV-2.","volume":"73","author":"Rappaport","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Mol Med (Berl)"},{"key":"R18-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1089\/08892220150503672","article-title":"Inhibition of HIV type 1 replication by simultaneous infection of peripheral blood lymphocytes with human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2.","volume":"17","author":"Dern","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"R19-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5191","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.6.5191-5195.1999","article-title":"Potent inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression and virus production by an HIV-2 tat activation-response RNA decoy.","volume":"73","author":"Browning","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R20-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200111230-00015","article-title":"Possible protective effect of HIV-2 against incident HIV-1 infection: review of available epidemiological and in vitro data.","volume":"15","author":"Greenberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R21-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29026","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029026","article-title":"HTLV-1 and HIV-2 infection are associated with increased mortality in a rural West African community.","volume":"6","author":"van Tienen","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R22-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1113244","article-title":"Inhibition of HIV-1 disease progression by contemporaneous HIV-2 infection.","volume":"367","author":"Esbjornsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R23-12-20210130","first-page":"45","article-title":"Relation between HIV-2 proviral load and CD4 lymphocyte count differs in monotypic and dual HIV infections.","volume":"2","author":"Sarr","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hum Virol"},{"key":"R24-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1089\/08892220050140919","article-title":"Dual infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2: impact on HIV type 1 viral load and immune activation markers in HIV-seropositive female sex workers in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.","volume":"16","author":"Nkengasong","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"R25-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200402200-00006","article-title":"Differences in HIV-2 plasma viral load and immune activation in HIV-1 and HIV-2 dually infected persons and those infected with HIV-2 only in Abidjan, Cote DIvoire.","volume":"18","author":"Koblavi-Deme","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R26-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200307040-00012","article-title":"Plasma viral load, CD4 cell percentage, HLA and survival of HIV-1, HIV-2, and dually infected Gambian patients.","volume":"17","author":"Alabi","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R27-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3286","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.21.3286","article-title":"Plasma viral load in HIV-1 and HIV-2 singly and dually infected individuals in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa: significantly lower plasma virus set point in HIV-2 infection than in HIV-1 infection.","volume":"160","author":"Andersson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R28-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F85","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199712000-00001","article-title":"The associations between cervicovaginal HIV shedding, sexually transmitted diseases and immunosuppression in female sex workers in Abidjan, Cote dIvoire.","volume":"11","author":"Ghys","year":"1997","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R29-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000218554.59531.80","article-title":"Lower levels of HIV RNA in semen in HIV-2 compared with HIV-1 infection: implications for differences in transmission.","volume":"20","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R30-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328315cdbc","article-title":"Lower levels of HIV-2 than HIV-1 in the female genital tract: correlates and longitudinal assessment of viral shedding.","volume":"22","author":"Hawes","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R31-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2011-050231","article-title":"HIV shedding in the oral cavity: an assessment of HIV type, immunovirologic, demographic and oral factors.","volume":"88","author":"Pavlinac","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"R32-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283377a06","article-title":"First-year lymphocyte T CD4 response to antiretroviral therapy according to the HIV type in the IeDEA West Africa collaboration.","volume":"24","author":"Drylewicz","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R34-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9061","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00117-07","article-title":"Role of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific T-cell immunity in control of dual HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection.","volume":"81","author":"Zheng","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R35-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2012.011219","article-title":"Trends of HIV-1, HIV-2 and dual infection in women attending outpatient clinics in Senegal, 1990-2009.","volume":"23","author":"Heitzinger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"R36-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1089\/088922203322230941","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of dual HIV-1HIV-2 seropositive adults from Senegal, West Africa.","volume":"19","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"R37-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4147","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.9.4147-4153.2004","article-title":"Field evaluation of a rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serial serologic testing algorithm for diagnosis and differentiation of HIV type 1 (HIV-1), HIV-2, and dual HIV-1-HIV-2 infections in West African pregnant women.","volume":"42","author":"Rouet","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R38-12-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91407-Y","article-title":"Virological and polymerase chain reaction studies of HIV-1HIV-2 dual infection in Cote dIvoire.","volume":"340","author":"Peeters","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328362e856","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T05:36:01Z","timestamp":1620970561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00002030-201309240-00012"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,24]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/qad.0b013e328362e856","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-9370"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-9370","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,24]]}}}