{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:07:12Z","timestamp":1791295632004,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/qai.0b013e31822e0d15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,6]],"date-time":"2011-08-06T05:33:01Z","timestamp":1312608781000},"page":"309-318","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Natural Killer Cell Activation Distinguishes Mycobacterium tuberculosis\u2013Mediated Immune Reconstitution Syndrome From Chronic HIV and HIV\/MTB Coinfection"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Conradie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea S.","family":"Foulkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prudence","family":"Ive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangfan","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Roussos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah K.","family":"Glencross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Lawrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis J.","family":"Montaner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Sanne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Livio","family":"Azzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"R2-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000238406.93249.cd","article-title":"Burden of tuberculosis in an antiretroviral treatment programme in sub-Saharan Africa: impact on treatment outcomes and implications for tuberculosis control.","volume":"20","author":"Lawn","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R3-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70184-1","article-title":"Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: case definitions for use in resource-limited settings.","volume":"8","author":"Meintjes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"R4-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1177\/1545109710361537","article-title":"Evaluation of paradoxical TB-associated IRIS with the use of standardized case definitions for resource-limited settings.","volume":"9","author":"Eshun-Wilson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic Ill)"},{"key":"R6-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00015-09","article-title":"Immune restoration diseases reflect diverse immunopathological mechanisms.","volume":"22","author":"Price","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"R7-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1086\/644784","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis and diagnosis of tuberculosis and tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome during early antiretroviral therapy.","volume":"200","author":"Elliott","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R8-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283477d67","article-title":"Circulating inflammatory biomarkers can predict and characterize tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.","volume":"25","author":"Haddow","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R9-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1086\/657082","article-title":"Mediators of innate and adaptive immune responses differentially affect immune restoration disease associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in HIV patients beginning antiretroviral therapy.","volume":"202","author":"Oliver","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R10-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2009.02294.x","article-title":"Peripheral immune response in pulmonary tuberculosis.","volume":"70","author":"Aktas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"R11-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2009.03875.x","article-title":"Differential cytokine secretion and early treatment response in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.","volume":"156","author":"Djoba Siawaya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"R12-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2005.07.018","article-title":"Kinetics of sedimentation rate, viral load and TNF-alpha in relation to HIV co-infection in tuberculosis.","volume":"100","author":"Schon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R13-13-20210131","first-page":"1267","article-title":"Circulating cytokines in pulmonary tuberculosis according to HIV status and dietary iron content.","volume":"13","author":"Gordeuk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"R14-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6405-7-36","article-title":"Multi-analyte profiling of ten cytokines in South African HIV-infected patients with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS).","volume":"7","author":"Worsley","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"key":"R15-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00091010","article-title":"Hypercytokinaemia accompanies HIV-tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.","volume":"37","author":"Tadokera","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R16-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e32833ed774","article-title":"Biomarkers in immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: signals from pathogenesis.","volume":"5","author":"Sereti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"R17-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3915","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0804020","article-title":"Tuberculosis-associated immune restoration syndrome in HIV-1-infected patients involves tuberculin-specific CD4 Th1 cells and KIR-negative gammadelta T cells.","volume":"183","author":"Bourgarit","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R18-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000202648.18526.bf","article-title":"Explosion of tuberculin-specific Th1-responses induces immune restoration syndrome in tuberculosis and HIV co-infected patients.","volume":"20","author":"Bourgarit","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R19-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200806-858OC","article-title":"Type 1 helper T cells and FoxP3-positive T cells in HIV-tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.","volume":"178","author":"Meintjes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R20-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838630","article-title":"Proliferation of weakly suppressive regulatory CD4 T cells is associated with over-active CD4 T-cell responses in HIV-positive patients with mycobacterial immune restoration disease.","volume":"39","author":"Seddiki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"R21-13-20210131","first-page":"215","article-title":"CD1-restricted T cells in host defense to infectious diseases.","volume":"314","author":"Behar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"R22-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900365","article-title":"Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin infection induces TLR2-dependent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression and activation: functions in inflammation, lipid metabolism, and pathogenesis.","volume":"183","author":"Almeida","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R23-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3087","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.5.3087","article-title":"Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin induces TLR2-mediated formation of lipid bodies: intracellular domains for eicosanoid synthesis in vivo.","volume":"176","author":"DAvila","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R24-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2007.09.007","article-title":"Interactions of pathogenic mycobacteria with host macrophages.","volume":"9","author":"Sundaramurthy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"R25-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0908561","article-title":"M. bovis BCG induced expression of COX-2 involves nitric oxide-dependent and -independent signaling pathways.","volume":"85","author":"Bansal","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"R26-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2008.02190.x","article-title":"Inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression by Mycobacterium bovis BCG in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells.","volume":"69","author":"Bansal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"R28-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6405-4-29","article-title":"Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in association with HIVAIDS and tuberculosis: views over hidden possibilities.","volume":"4","author":"Shankar","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"key":"R29-13-20210131","first-page":"67","article-title":"The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.","volume":"5","author":"Shelburne","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS Rev"},{"key":"R30-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200205000-00005","article-title":"Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: emergence of a unique syndrome during highly active antiretroviral therapy.","volume":"81","author":"Shelburne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"R31-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1013699998","article-title":"The control of the false discovery rate in multiple testing under dependency.","volume":"29","author":"Benjamini","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Stat"},{"key":"R32-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1198\/106186006X133933","article-title":"Unbiased recursive partitioning.","volume":"3","author":"Hothorn","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Comput Graph Stat"},{"key":"R34-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2009.05.016","article-title":"Differential cytokinechemokines and KL-6 profiles in patients with different forms of tuberculosis.","volume":"47","author":"Djoba Siawaya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"R35-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2008.00520.x","article-title":"Differential upregulation of chemokine receptors on CD56 NK cells and their transmigration to the site of infection in tuberculous pleurisy.","volume":"55","author":"Pokkali","year":"2009","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"R36-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-243","article-title":"In vivo expression of innate immunity markers in patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.","volume":"10","author":"Constantoulakis","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"R37-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7833","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.11.7833","article-title":"Evidence for NK cell subsets based on chemokine receptor expression.","volume":"177","author":"Berahovich","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R38-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2008.07.039","article-title":"Innate immunity in tuberculosis: myths and truth.","volume":"10","author":"Korbel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"R39-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2642","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.4.2642","article-title":"Baseline viral load and immune activation determine the extent of reconstitution of innate immune effectors in HIV-1-infected subjects undergoing antiretroviral treatment.","volume":"179","author":"Chehimi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R40-13-20210131","first-page":"1151","article-title":"The haematological and biochemical changes in severe pulmonary tuberculosis.","volume":"73","author":"Morris","year":"1989","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"R41-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-3879(87)90055-9","article-title":"T4 lymphopenia in human tuberculosis.","volume":"68","author":"Onwubalili","year":"1987","journal-title":"Tubercle"},{"key":"R42-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90340-J","article-title":"Miliary tuberculosis: rapid diagnosis, hematologic abnormalities, and outcome in 109 treated adults.","volume":"89","author":"Maartens","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R43-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.20018","article-title":"Comparison of CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte counts in HIV-negative pulmonary TB patients with those in normal blood donors and the effect of antitubercular treatment: hospital-based flow cytometric study.","volume":"61","author":"Uppal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cytometry B Clin Cytom"},{"key":"R44-13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1053\/jinf.2000.0721","article-title":"Tuberculosis-associated severe CD4 T-lymphocytopenia in HIV-seronegative patients from Dakar. SIDAK Research Group.","volume":"41","author":"Kony","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect"}],"container-title":["JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31822e0d15","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T20:13:37Z","timestamp":1786047217000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00126334-201111010-00013"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/qai.0b013e31822e0d15","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-4135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-4135","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]]}}}