{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T01:26:10Z","timestamp":1793755570164,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/qco.0b013e3283511d27","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,10]],"date-time":"2012-02-10T04:16:47Z","timestamp":1328847407000},"page":"145-153","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":166,"title":["Streptococcal skin infection and rheumatic heart disease"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Tom","family":"Parks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre R.","family":"Smeesters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew C.","family":"Steer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3282f44c63","volume":"21","author":"Bernard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R3-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70267-X","volume":"5","author":"Carapetis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"R4-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.309.6958.848","volume":"309","author":"Hay","year":"1994","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R5-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90068-3","volume":"89","author":"Mahe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R6-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268898001952","volume":"122","author":"Carapetis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"R7-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1999.tb01590.x","volume":"29","author":"Skull","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Med"},{"key":"R9-6-20120228","first-page":"240","volume":"4","author":"McDonald","year":"2004","journal-title":"is"},{"key":"R10-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1159\/000250144","volume":"163","author":"Bechelli","year":"1981","journal-title":"Dermatologica"},{"key":"R11-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(77)90007-4","volume":"71","author":"Belcher","year":"1977","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R12-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199705000-00008","volume":"16","author":"Carapetis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"R13-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1979.28.548","volume":"28","author":"Lawrence","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R14-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1978.tb07333.x","volume":"98","author":"el Tayeb","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R15-6-20120228","first-page":"84","volume":"49","author":"Nsanzumuhire","year":"1972","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"R16-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800050172","volume":"109","author":"Tewodros","year":"1992","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"R17-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.39.2.263","volume":"39","author":"Anthony","year":"1967","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R18-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1968.02100010532002","volume":"115","author":"Dillon","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"R19-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1975.01630220076006","volume":"111","author":"Masawe","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch Derm"},{"key":"R20-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1987.tb02301.x","volume":"26","author":"Olumide","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"R21-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1990.tb03751.x","volume":"29","author":"Suite","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"R23-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1973.01620250005001","volume":"108","author":"Dajani","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"R24-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2863","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107109","volume":"51","author":"Dajani","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R25-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1999.00740.x","volume":"38","author":"Sugeng","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"R26-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e467","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000467","volume":"3","author":"Steer","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"R27-6-20120228","first-page":"1","volume":"923","author":"","year":"2004","journal-title":"World Health Organization Tech Rep Ser"},{"key":"R28-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1086\/506944","volume":"43","author":"Kaplan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R29-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.09.011","volume":"56","author":"Steer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"R30-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02312.x","volume":"190","author":"Steer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"R31-6-20120228","first-page":"327","volume":"18","author":"Steer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"R32-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318194b2af","volume":"28","author":"Steer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"R33-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.81.4.372d","volume":"81","author":"Steer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"R34-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1996.tb122012.x","volume":"164","author":"Carapetis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med J Australia"},{"key":"R35-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1086\/506938","volume":"43","author":"McDonald","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R36-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02385.x","volume":"14","author":"Parks","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"R37-6-20120228","first-page":"584","volume":"2","author":"Garrod","year":"1889","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"R38-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)62906-9","volume":"234","author":"Collis","year":"1939","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R39-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)88048-4","volume":"215","author":"Glover","year":"1930","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R40-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.3689.521","volume":"2","author":"Glover","year":"1931","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"R41-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)46851-0","volume":"217","author":"Collis","year":"1931","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R42-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)46850-9","volume":"217","author":"Sheldon","year":"1931","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R43-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.56.5.609","volume":"56","author":"Coburn","year":"1932","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R44-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/19.6.1110","volume":"19","author":"Denny","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R45-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-5-11","volume":"5","author":"Robertson","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"R46-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)06923-4","volume":"133","author":"Cheadle","year":"1889","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R47-6-20120228","first-page":"387","volume":"i","author":"Whipham","year":"1888","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"R48-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197001082820206","volume":"282","author":"Wannamaker","year":"1970","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R49-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197001012820106","volume":"282","author":"Wannamaker","year":"1970","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R50-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197009102831103","volume":"283","author":"Bisno","year":"1970","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R51-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-194104000-00009","volume":"201","author":"Seegal","year":"1941","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"R52-6-20120228","first-page":"62","volume":"95","author":"Coulehan","year":"1980","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"R53-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106358","volume":"49","author":"Kaplan","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R54-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.48.1.9","volume":"48","author":"Wannamaker","year":"1973","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R55-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.47.1.91","volume":"47","author":"Lancefield","year":"1928","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R56-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.65.4.595","volume":"65","author":"Pauli","year":"1937","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R57-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0502.990209","volume":"5","author":"Facklam","year":"1999","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"R58-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.89.3.307","volume":"89","author":"Lancefield","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R59-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2010.02.007","volume":"18","author":"Smeesters","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends in microbiology"},{"key":"R60-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/130.3.257","volume":"130","author":"Dillon","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R61-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.1.269","volume":"169","author":"Bessen","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R62-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.4.896","volume":"173","author":"Bessen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R63-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.10.28","volume":"5","author":"Bessen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"R64-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198702193160801","volume":"316","author":"Veasy","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R65-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4668","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.062526099","volume":"99","author":"Smoot","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"R66-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.5.1805-1810.2002","volume":"40","author":"Smoot","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R67-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000105180.76624.33","volume":"23","author":"Miner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"R68-6-20120228","first-page":"1","volume":"342","author":"","year":"1966","journal-title":"Report of a WHO Expert Committee World Health Organization Technical Report Series"},{"key":"R69-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1086\/315842","volume":"182","author":"Bessen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R70-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80036-5","volume":"92","author":"Potter","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R71-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199404000-00004","volume":"13","author":"Martin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"R72-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.2979.143","volume":"1","author":"MacCormac","year":"1918","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"R73-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400019057","volume":"35","author":"Newman","year":"1935","journal-title":"J Hyg (Lond)"},{"key":"R74-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)84827-3","volume":"161","author":"Radcliffe Crocker","year":"1903","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R75-6-20120228","first-page":"9","volume":"18","author":"Shaw","year":"1925","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"R76-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(94)70247-0","volume":"124","author":"Veasy","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R77-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181a282be","volume":"28","author":"Lennon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"R78-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70178-1","volume":"9","author":"Steer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"R79-6-20120228","first-page":"1705","volume":"8","author":"Smeesters","year":"2009","journal-title":"accin"},{"key":"R80-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2502","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00312-09","volume":"47","author":"Steer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R81-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31818128ce","volume":"28","author":"Erdem","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"R83-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.10.137","volume":"28","author":"Smeesters","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"R84-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.08.037","volume":"26","author":"Smeesters","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"R85-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66874-2","volume":"366","author":"Carapetis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R86-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4369","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.9.4369-4376.2005","volume":"43","author":"Tewodros","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R87-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E20","DOI":"10.1086\/519384","volume":"45","author":"Erdem","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R89-6-20120228","first-page":"765","volume":"130","author":"Kumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"R91-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1086\/444505","volume":"41","author":"Bisno","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R92-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3933","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-148-12-3933","volume":"148","author":"Svensson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"R93-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.1.110-121.2004","volume":"186","author":"Kalia","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R94-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4285","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.13.4285-4294.2004","volume":"186","author":"McGregor","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R95-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1086\/381452","volume":"189","author":"McGregor","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R96-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6651","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.05263-11","volume":"193","author":"Bessen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R97-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930500484674","volume":"39","author":"Guilherme","year":"2006","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"R98-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63415-3","volume":"165","author":"Guilherme","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"R99-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1086\/318076","volume":"183","author":"Roberts","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R101-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2007.01974.x","volume":"66","author":"Guilherme","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"R102-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-009-9332-6","volume":"30","author":"Guilherme","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R103-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002252","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002252","volume":"7","author":"Dileepan","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"R104-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5258.60","volume":"272","author":"Butcher","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R106-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1093\/bfgp\/elr009","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brief Funct Genom Proteom"},{"key":"R107-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05911","volume":"447","author":"","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R108-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25326","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025326","volume":"6","author":"Engel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"R109-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2002.00772.x","volume":"38","author":"Steer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child H"},{"key":"R110-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90797-7","volume":"347","author":"Carapetis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R111-6-20120228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e328010774c","volume":"19","author":"Fox","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R112-6-20120228","first-page":"34","volume":"83","author":"Lawrence","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3283511d27","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T20:38:23Z","timestamp":1786048703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00001432-201204000-00006"}},"subtitle":[""],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"references-count":104,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/qco.0b013e3283511d27","relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-7375"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-7375","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}}}