{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T18:08:26Z","timestamp":1781719706831,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Nucl Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Immunotherapy-induced hypophysitis presents with headache, fatigue, and visual disturbances. The diagnosis is supported by imaging findings of pituitary swelling, enhancement, and hypermetabolism and established by low levels of pituitary hormones. A 64-year-old man with metastatic melanoma on nivolumab presented with a severe headache, initially attributed to sinus disease. Contrast CT was interpreted as minor sinus disease and no pituitary abnormality. Hypophysitis was eventually diagnosed and successfully treated based on PET and laboratory findings. Our retrospective analysis demonstrated abnormal convex superior pituitary border visible on contrast and noncontrast CT and PET. This feature may aid diagnosis in the challenging cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/rlu.0000000000001981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,4]],"date-time":"2018-02-04T17:59:27Z","timestamp":1517767167000},"page":"284-286","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Superior Pituitary Border Analysis in Immunotherapy-Induced Hypophysitis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Darko","family":"Pucar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Marie","family":"Boustani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Bronen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Saperstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"bib1-20230925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2007.00214.x","article-title":"Determination of optimal window width and level for measurement of the canine pituitary gland height on computed tomographic images using a phantom","volume":"48","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"bib2-20230925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3239","article-title":"The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"12","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"bib3-20230925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504030","article-title":"Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab or monotherapy in untreated melanoma","volume":"373","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"bib4-20230925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2310","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-017-3802-5","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of patient selection and imaging predictors of outcome in solid tumors treated with checkpoint-inhibitors","volume":"44","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"bib5-20230925","article-title":"Incidence of endocrine dysfunction following the use of different immune checkpoint inhibitor regimens: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"bib6-20230925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.205","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy - immune checkpoint blockade and associated endocrinopathies","volume":"13","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"bib7-20230925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2016.08.005","article-title":"Immune-mediated disease in ipilimumab immunotherapy of melanoma with FDG PET-CT","volume":"24","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"bib8-20230925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1714","article-title":"A radiologic score to distinguish autoimmune hypophysitis from nonsecreting pituitary adenoma preoperatively","volume":"30","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"bib9-20230925","first-page":"1","article-title":"Immunotherapy and hypophysitis in the clinical practice: a case report","volume":"6","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"bib10-20230925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e182","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0b013e3182639765","article-title":"Detection of early onset of hypophysitis by (18)F-FDG PET-CT in a patient with advanced stage melanoma treated with ipilimumab","volume":"38","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"}],"container-title":["Clinical Nuclear Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00003072-201804000-00019","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T01:01:09Z","timestamp":1695603669000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00003072-201804000-00019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/rlu.0000000000001981","relation":{},"ISSN":["1536-0229","0363-9762"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1536-0229","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0363-9762","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}}}