{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:46:15Z","timestamp":1791895575555,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/ta.0b013e3181a27e7f","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,21]],"date-time":"2009-05-21T15:37:34Z","timestamp":1242920254000},"page":"1468-1477","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":221,"title":["Injuries From Explosions: Physics, Biophysics, Pathology, and Required Research Focus"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Howard R.","family":"Champion","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John B.","family":"Holcomb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee Ann","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R5-33-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200104000-00017","article-title":"Ultrastructural and functional characteristics of blast injury-induced neurotrauma.","volume":"50","author":"Cernak","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R7-33-20210211","first-page":"4","article-title":"Primer to Design Safe Schools Projects in Case of Terrorist Attacks.","year":"2003"},{"key":"R8-33-20210211","first-page":"41","article-title":"Explosion and Blast-Related Injuries: Effects of Explosion and Blast from Military Operations and Acts of Terrorism.","author":"Wade","year":"2008"},{"key":"R9-33-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra042083","article-title":"Blast injuries.","volume":"352","author":"DePalma","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R10-33-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199612000-00015","article-title":"Blast injuries: bus versus open-air bombings\u2014a comparative study of injuries in survivors of open-air versus confined-space explosions.","volume":"41","author":"Leibovici","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R11-33-20210211","first-page":"S174","article-title":"Tympanic membrane perforation and hearing loss from blast overpressure in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom wounded.","volume":"64","author":"Ritenour","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R14-33-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540050042021","article-title":"Physical injuries and fatalities resulting from the Oklahoma City bombing.","volume":"276","author":"Mallonee","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R15-33-20210211","first-page":"604","article-title":"Pulmonary injury risk assessment for short-duration blasts.","volume":"65","author":"Bass","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R16-33-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000233742.75450.47","article-title":"Lung injury and recovery after exposure to blast overpressure.","volume":"61","author":"Chavko","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R17-33-20210211","first-page":"1140","article-title":"Protection against blast-induced mortality in rats by hemin.","volume":"65","author":"Chavko","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R18-33-20210211","first-page":"563","article-title":"PHTLS Prehospital Trauma Life Support: Military Edition. 6th ed.","author":"Champion","year":"2007"},{"key":"R19-33-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2995","article-title":"11 March 2004: The terrorist bomb explosions in Madrid, Spain\u2014an analysis of the logistics, injuries sustained and clinical management of casualties treated at the closest hospital.","volume":"9","author":"Gutierrez de Ceballos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"1 suppl","key":"R20-33-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S107","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000151072.17826.72","article-title":"Casualties treated at the closest hospital in the Madrid, March 11, terrorist bombings.","volume":"33","author":"Gutierrez de Ceballos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R21-33-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2005.08.022","article-title":"Blast lung injury: clinical manifestations, treatment, and outcome.","volume":"190","author":"Avidan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"R23-33-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2006.09.008","article-title":"Lessons learned from modern military surgery.","volume":"87","author":"Beekley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Surg Clin N Am"},{"key":"R24-33-20210211","first-page":"198","article-title":"Medical Response to Terrorism: Preparedness and Clinical Practice.","author":"Linsky","year":"2005"},{"key":"R25-33-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X00001096","article-title":"Mass-casualty, terrorist bombings: epidemiological outcomes, resource utilization, and time course of emergency needs (Part I).","volume":"18","author":"Arnold","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prehosp Disast Med"},{"issue":"2 suppl","key":"R26-33-20210211","first-page":"S21","article-title":"Injury severity and causes of death from Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom: 2003\u20132004 versus 2006.","volume":"64","author":"Kelly","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R27-33-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-147-01-03","article-title":"Blast injuries: biophysics, pathophysiology and management principles.","volume":"147","author":"Horrocks","year":"2001","journal-title":"J R Army Medical Corps"},{"key":"R28-33-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(05)70091-8","article-title":"Medical consequences of terrorism. The conventional weapon threat.","volume":"79","author":"Stein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"R29-33-20210211","first-page":"910","article-title":"Injuries from roadside improvised explosive devices.","volume":"65","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R30-33-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn068","article-title":"Understanding sequelae of injury mechanisms and mild traumatic brain injury incurred during the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan: persistent postconcussive symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder.","volume":"167","author":"Schneiderman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"R31-33-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072972","article-title":"Mild traumatic brain injury in U.S. soldiers returning from Iraq.","volume":"358","author":"Hoge","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R33-33-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.143.6.564","article-title":"Invasion vs insurgency: US Navy\/Marine Corps forward surgical care during Operation Iraqi Freedom.","volume":"143","author":"Brethauer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"R34-33-20210211","first-page":"265","article-title":"Mechanism-of-injury approach to evaluating patients with blast-related polytrauma.","volume":"106","author":"Scott","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Osteopath Assoc"},{"key":"R35-33-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2005.01.010","article-title":"Contemporary management of wartime vascular trauma.","volume":"41","author":"Fox","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"R36-33-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2001.114906","article-title":"Explosions and blast injuries.","volume":"37","author":"Wightman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"R37-33-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000203581.75241.f1","article-title":"Understanding combat casualty care statistics.","volume":"60","author":"Holcomb","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"R39-33-20210211","first-page":"S14","article-title":"Now and then: combat casualty care policies for Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom compared with those of Vietnam.","volume":"64","author":"Cordts","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R40-33-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JTN.0000337149.29549.28","article-title":"Traumatic brain injuries sustained in the Afghanistan and Iraq wars.","volume":"15","author":"Martin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Trauma Nurs"},{"key":"R42-33-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318185a6b8","article-title":"A national US study of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and work and functional outcomes after hospitalization for traumatic injury.","volume":"248","author":"Zatzick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"R43-33-20210211","first-page":"S13","article-title":"A profile of combat injury.","volume":"54","author":"Champion","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R44-33-20210211","first-page":"295","article-title":"Combat wounds in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom.","volume":"64","author":"Owens","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R45-33-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000220038.66466.b5","article-title":"Combat casualty care and surgical progress.","volume":"243","author":"Pruitt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"R46-33-20210211","first-page":"990","article-title":"The 2004 Fitts Lecture: current perspective on combat casualty care.","volume":"59","author":"Holcomb","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R47-33-20210211","first-page":"1161","article-title":"Trauma. 5th ed.","author":"Champion","year":"2004"},{"key":"R48-33-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/161.12.711","article-title":"History, the torch that illuminates: lessons from military medicine.","volume":"161","author":"DeBakey","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mil Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection & Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181a27e7f","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T17:48:23Z","timestamp":1786038503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00005373-200905000-00033"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ta.0b013e3181a27e7f","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-5282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-5282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]}}}