{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:16:58Z","timestamp":1786119418728,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/ta.0b013e3181b28b78","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,25]],"date-time":"2010-03-25T02:29:20Z","timestamp":1269484160000},"page":"1239-1246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Conducted Electrical Weapon Use by Law Enforcement: An Evaluation of Safety and Injury"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Jared","family":"Strote","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mimi","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Angelidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amaya","family":"Basta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Range","family":"Hutson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1192\/pb.bp.106.014175","article-title":"Health professionals and the monitoring of taser use.","volume":"31","author":"O'Brien","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatr Bull"},{"key":"R3-32-20210211","first-page":"NCJ","article-title":"Study of Deaths Following Electro Muscular Disruption: Interim Report.","author":"Mukasey","year":"2008"},{"key":"R4-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2008.01007.x","article-title":"Cardiac safety of electrical stun guns: letting science and reason advance the debate.","volume":"31","author":"Link","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"R5-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2007.11.085","article-title":"Taser usage and neurological sequelae.","volume":"37","author":"Lim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"R9-32-20210211","first-page":"NCJ","article-title":"Less Lethal Weapon Effectiveness, Use of Force, and Suspect & Officer Injuries: A Five-Year Analysis.","author":"Mesloh","year":"2008"},{"key":"R10-32-20210211","first-page":"1567","article-title":"Conductive electrical devices: a prospective, population-based study of the medical safety of law enforcement use.","volume":"64","author":"Eastman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R11-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.11.021","article-title":"Safety and injury profile of conducted electrical weapons used by law enforcement officers against criminal suspects.","volume":"53","author":"Bozeman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"R12-32-20210211","article-title":"State and County QuickFacts.","year":"2008"},{"key":"R13-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1109\/EMB.2007.901792","article-title":"Design and medical safety of neuromuscular incapacitation devices.","volume":"26","author":"Panescu","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag"},{"key":"R14-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2005.11.006","article-title":"The relative risk of police use-of-force options: evaluating the potential for deployment of electronic weaponry.","volume":"13","author":"Jenkinson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Forensic Med"},{"key":"R15-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2003.008581","article-title":"Introduction of the taser into British policing. Implications for UK emergency departments: an overview of electronic weaponry.","volume":"21","author":"Bleetman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"R16-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530130037025","article-title":"The epidemic of gang-related homicides in Los Angeles County from 1979 through 1994.","volume":"274","author":"Hutson","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R17-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1053\/ajem.2001.22665","article-title":"Factors associated with sudden death of individuals requiring restraint for excited delirium.","volume":"19","author":"Stratton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"R20-32-20210211","article-title":"Excited Delirium Syndrome: Cause of Death and Prevention.","author":"Di Maio","year":"2006"},{"key":"R21-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1080\/10903120600884863","article-title":"Taser use in restraint-related deaths.","volume":"10","author":"Strote","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care"},{"key":"R23-32-20210211","article-title":"Ban Tasers If RCMP Doesn't Curb Use by Year's End: Commons Committee. CBCNews.","year":"2008"},{"key":"R24-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-200003000-00007","article-title":"Asphyxial death during prone restraint revisited: a report of 21 cases.","volume":"21","author":"O'Halloran","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"R25-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2007.00500.x","article-title":"Death in custody: a historical analysis.","volume":"52","author":"Grant","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"R26-32-20210211","first-page":"1127","article-title":"Factors associated with excited delirium deaths in police custody.","volume":"11","author":"Ross","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"R27-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2008.03.007","article-title":"Fatal hyperthermia associated with excited delirium during an arrest.","volume":"10","author":"Bunai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Leg Med (Tokyo)"},{"key":"R28-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2007.10.005","article-title":"Police custody deaths in Maryland, USA: an examination of 45 cases.","volume":"15","author":"Southall","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"key":"R29-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/01.paf.0000136866.29266.51","article-title":"Reenactment of circumstances in deaths related to restraint.","volume":"25","author":"O'Halloran","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"R30-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-199206000-00003","article-title":"The perils of investigating and certifying deaths in police custody.","volume":"13","author":"Luke","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"R31-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2006.11.007","article-title":"Restraint asphyxia in in-custody deaths Medical examiner's role in prevention of deaths.","volume":"9","author":"Sathyavagiswaran","year":"2007","journal-title":"Leg Med (Tokyo)"},{"key":"R32-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.3109\/00952998809001555","article-title":"Rapid death during cocaine abuse: a variant of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome?","volume":"14","author":"Kosten","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"R33-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-2712(18)30176-8","article-title":"Death in custody.","volume":"18","author":"Reay","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Lab Med"},{"key":"R34-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2007.01.005","article-title":"Twelve-lead electrocardiogram monitoring of subjects before and after voluntary exposure to the Taser X26.","volume":"26","author":"Vilke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"R35-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2008.00201.x","article-title":"Echocardiographic evaluation of a TASER-X26 application in the ideal human cardiac axis.","volume":"15","author":"Ho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"R36-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2007.08.073","article-title":"Serum troponin I measurement of subjects exposed to the taser X-26.","volume":"35","author":"Sloane","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"R37-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2007.02.018","article-title":"Cardiac monitoring of human subjects exposed to the taser.","volume":"33","author":"Levine","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"R38-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2007.00007.x","article-title":"TASER X26 discharges in swine produce potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias.","volume":"15","author":"Walter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"R39-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.04.023","article-title":"Fortuitous therapeutic effect of taser shock for a patient in atrial fibrillation.","volume":"52","author":"Richards","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"R40-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc051625","article-title":"Ventricular fibrillation after stun-gun discharge.","volume":"353","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R41-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.12.006","article-title":"Acute stress cardiomyopathy and deaths associated with electronic weapons.","volume":"132","author":"Cevik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"R42-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2007.05.004","article-title":"Physiological effects of a conducted electrical weapon on human subjects.","volume":"50","author":"Vilke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"R43-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1197\/j.aem.2006.01.017","article-title":"Cardiovascular and physiologic effects of conducted electrical weapon discharge in resting adults.","volume":"13","author":"Ho","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"R44-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1197\/j.aem.2006.11.016","article-title":"Respiratory effect of prolonged electrical weapon application on human volunteers.","volume":"14","author":"Ho","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"R45-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2008.00077.x","article-title":"Confirmation of respiration during trapezial conducted electrical weapon application.","volume":"15","author":"Ho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"R46-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2007.05.003","article-title":"The physiologic effects of a conducted electrical weapon in swine.","volume":"50","author":"Esquivel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"R47-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1258\/rsmmsl.48.2.137","article-title":"Sudden death during restraint: do some positions affect lung function?","volume":"48","author":"Parkes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Sci Law"},{"key":"R48-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/002580240004000109","article-title":"Sudden death during restraint: a study to measure the effect of restraint positions on the rate of recovery from exercise.","volume":"40","author":"Parkes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Sci Law"},{"key":"R49-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2006.00296.x","article-title":"Ventilatory and metabolic demands during aggressive physical restraint in healthy adults.","volume":"52","author":"Michalewicz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"R50-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/01.paf.0000136639.69128.bc","article-title":"Weight force during prone restraint and respiratory function.","volume":"25","author":"Chan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"R51-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2007.053348","article-title":"Excessive use of force by police: a survey of academic emergency physicians.","volume":"26","author":"Hutson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"R52-32-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2006.12.013","article-title":"Frequency of traumatic lesions alleged by victims of assault during police custody.","volume":"14","author":"Lorin de la Grandmaison","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection &amp; Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181b28b78","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T18:11:59Z","timestamp":1786039919000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00005373-201005000-00032"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ta.0b013e3181b28b78","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-5282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-5282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]}}}