{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:13:50Z","timestamp":1793060030018,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background.<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Recently, chronic hepatitis E has been reported in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients in European countries. Previously, we clarified the prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in Japanese liver transplant recipients and identified 2 chronic hepatitis E patients infected by blood transfusion. However, the rate of HEV infection in recipients of SOTs other than liver in Japan remains unclear, so we conducted a nationwide survey to clarify the prevalence of chronic HEV infection in Japanese heart and kidney transplant recipients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 99 heart and 2526 kidney transplant recipients in 17 hospitals in Japan were examined for the presence of the IgG class of anti-HEV antibodies as well as for serum HEV RNA.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The prevalence of anti-HEV IgG among heart and kidney transplant recipients was 7.07% (7\/99) and 4.08% (103\/2526), respectively. One heart transplant patient (1.01%) and 11 kidney transplant patients (0.44%) were found to be positive for HEV RNA. The HEV isolates from all viremic patients were typed as genotype 3. Four patients developed chronic hepatitis E after transplantation. Three patients were treated with ribavirin; their liver enzymes normalized, and HEV RNA became negative immediately. Sustained virologic response was achieved in all cases.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This is the first nationwide survey of HEV infection in Japanese heart and kidney transplant recipients. The prevalence of anti-HEV IgG and HEV RNA in heart and kidney transplant recipients in Japan was lower than that in European countries. Of note, 42% of viremic transplant patients developed chronic hepatitis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/tp.0000000000002801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,15]],"date-time":"2019-06-15T03:44:05Z","timestamp":1560570245000},"page":"437-444","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["A Nationwide Survey of Hepatitis E Virus Infection and Chronic Hepatitis in Heart and Kidney Transplant Recipients in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Yohei","family":"Owada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukio","family":"Oshiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Inagaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Transplant Surgery, Sapporo City General Hospital, Chuou-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuhiro","family":"Fujiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Kidney Disease and Transplantation, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Kawagishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, JCHO Sendai Hospital, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Yagisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renal Surgery and Transplantation, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joichi","family":"Usui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naotake","family":"Akutsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Chiba-East National Hospital, Chiba, Chiba, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Itabashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhide","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiko","family":"Watarai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transplant Surgery, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naotsugu","family":"Ichimaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoichi","family":"Imamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miyaji","family":"Kyakuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renal Transplantation, Takatsuki General Hospital, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Ide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Shibuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kochi Health Sciences Center, Kochi, Kochi, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Okabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konosuke","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Shiose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazumasa","family":"Yamagishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ohnishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeo","family":"Nagashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 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