{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:53:15Z","timestamp":1791874395474,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background.<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>After kidney transplantation, uncontrolled BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) replication causes kidney graft failure through BKPyV-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN), but markers predicting outcome are missing. BKPyV-specific T cells may serve as a predictive marker to identify patients at risk of persistent DNAemia and BKPyVAN.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Out of a total of 114 pediatric kidney recipients transplanted between 2008 and 2018, 36 children with posttransplant BKPyV-DNAemia were identified. In a prospective noninterventional study, BKPyV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells were measured in 32 of 36 viremic pediatric kidney recipients using intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry. The course of the BKPyV replication was monitored with regard to duration of BKPyV-DNAemia and need of therapeutic intervention and diagnosis of proven BKPyVAN.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Levels of BKPyV-specific T cells negatively correlated with subsequent duration of BKPyV-DNAemia. Patients with BKPyV-specific CD4 T cells \u22650.5 cells\/\u00b5L and\/or BKPyV-specific CD8 T cells \u22650.1 cells\/\u00b5L had transient, self-limiting DNAemia (PPV 1.0, NPV 0.86). BKPyV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells below these thresholds were found in children with persistent BKPyV-DNAemia and biopsy-proven BKPyVAN with need for therapeutic intervention. After reducing immunosuppressive therapy, levels of BKPyV-specific CD4 T cells increased while plasma BKPyV-DNAemia declined.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study found that BKPyV-specific T cell levels may help to distinguish patients with transient, self-limiting BKPyV-DNAemia from those with persisting BKPyV-DNAemia and biopsy-proven BKPyVAN, who would benefit from individualized therapeutic interventions such as reduced immunosuppression. Thereby the risk for rejection because of unnecessary reduction of immunosuppression in case of self-limiting BKPyV-DNAemia can be minimized.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/tp.0000000000003133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]],"date-time":"2020-01-27T13:46:03Z","timestamp":1580132763000},"page":"2393-2402","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["BK Polyomavirus-specific T Cells as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker for BK Polyomavirus Infections After Pediatric Kidney Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Thurid","family":"Ahlenstiel-Grunow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics II, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Sester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics II, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urban","family":"Sester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans H.","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Pape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics II, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13684","article-title":"The \u201cABC\u201d of virus-specific T cell immunity in solid organ transplantation.","volume":"16","author":"Sester","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R2-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10450","article-title":"Population-based study of antibody to the human polyomaviruses BKV and JCV and the simian polyomavirus SV40.","volume":"71","author":"Knowles","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"R3-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1086\/597126","article-title":"Prevalence of polyomavirus BK and JC infection and replication in 400 healthy blood donors.","volume":"199","author":"Egli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R4-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/147.4.676","article-title":"Persistence of DNA sequences of BK virus and JC virus in normal human tissues and in diseased tissues.","volume":"147","author":"Chesters","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R5-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000156165.83160.09","article-title":"Polyomavirus-associated nephropathy in renal transplantation: interdisciplinary analyses and recommendations.","volume":"79","author":"Hirsch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R6-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e318197c17d","article-title":"The decade of polyomavirus BK-associated nephropathy: state of affairs.","volume":"87","author":"Ramos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R7-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.08420813","article-title":"Transient versus persistent BK viremia and long-term outcomes after kidney and kidney-pancreas transplantation.","volume":"9","author":"Elfadawy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R8-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00602.x","article-title":"BK virus nephritis: risk factors, timing, and outcome in renal transplant recipients.","volume":"68","author":"Vasudev","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R9-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020439","article-title":"Prospective study of polyomavirus type BK replication and nephropathy in renal-transplant recipients.","volume":"347","author":"Hirsch","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R10-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005043421802","article-title":"Testing for polyomavirus type BK DNA in plasma to identify renal-allograft recipients with viral nephropathy.","volume":"342","author":"Nickeleit","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R11-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12110","article-title":"BK polyomavirus in solid organ transplantation.","volume":"13(Suppl 4)","author":"Hirsch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R12-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2011.00619.x","article-title":"Monthly screening for BK viremia is an effective strategy to prevent BK virus nephropathy in renal transplant recipients.","volume":"13","author":"Alm\u00e9ras","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"R13-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-018-4164-3","article-title":"Diagnostics, treatment, and immune response in BK polyomavirus infection after pediatric kidney transplantation.","volume":"35","author":"Ahlenstiel-Grunow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"R14-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy346","article-title":"Reducing calcineurin inhibitor first for treating BK polyomavirus replication after kidney transplantation: long-term outcomes.","volume":"34","author":"Bischof","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"R15-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00742.x","article-title":"Incidence of BK with tacrolimus versus cyclosporine and impact of preemptive immunosuppression reduction.","volume":"5","author":"Brennan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R16-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2615","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2010.03310.x","article-title":"Reducing immunosuppression preserves allograft function in presumptive and definitive polyomavirus-associated nephropathy.","volume":"10","author":"Schaub","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R17-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2727","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2007.01984.x","article-title":"Prospective monitoring of polyomavirus BK replication and impact of pre-emptive intervention in pediatric kidney recipients.","volume":"7","author":"Ginevri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R18-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31816a33d4","article-title":"Does reduction in immunosuppression in viremic patients prevent BK virus nephropathy in de novo renal transplant recipients? A prospective study.","volume":"85","author":"Alm\u00e9ras","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R19-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12538","article-title":"European perspective on human polyomavirus infection, replication and disease in solid organ transplantation.","volume":"20(Suppl 7)","author":"Hirsch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"R20-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03693.x","article-title":"BK virus-specific immunity kinetics: a predictor of recovery from polyomavirus BK-associated nephropathy.","volume":"11","author":"Schachtner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R21-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12251","article-title":"Inflammatory activation and recovering BKV-specific immunity correlate with self-limited BKV replication after renal transplantation.","volume":"27","author":"Schachtner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"R22-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000023435.07320.81","article-title":"Clinical course of polyoma virus nephropathy in 67 renal transplant patients.","volume":"13","author":"Ramos","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R23-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2007.01754.x","article-title":"Polyomavirus BK-specific cellular immune response to VP1 and large T-antigen in kidney transplant recipients.","volume":"7","author":"Binggeli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R24-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2006.00167.x","article-title":"Polyomavirus-associated nephropathy: update on BK virus-specific immunity.","volume":"8","author":"Comoli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"R25-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2011.59","article-title":"BK polyomavirus infection and nephropathy: the virus-immune system interplay.","volume":"7","author":"Babel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"R26-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e318234e0e5","article-title":"Novel approach for improved assessment of phenotypic and functional characteristics of BKV-specific T-cell immunity.","volume":"92","author":"Trydzenskaya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R27-20231002","first-page":"219","article-title":"Evaluation of polyomavirus BK cellular immune response by an ELISpot assay and relation to viral replication in kidney transplant recipients.","volume":"37","author":"Costa","year":"2014","journal-title":"New Microbiol"},{"key":"R28-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00123-07","article-title":"Human polyomavirus type 1 (BK virus) agnoprotein is abundantly expressed but immunologically ignored.","volume":"14","author":"Leuenberger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"R29-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3495","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.7.3495-3505.2006","article-title":"Interplay of cellular and humoral immune responses against BK virus in kidney transplant recipients with polyomavirus nephropathy.","volume":"80","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R30-20231002","first-page":"85","article-title":"Polyomavirus BK after kidney transplantation - role of molecular and immunologic markers.","volume":"3","author":"Egli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Transplant"},{"key":"R31-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000001314","article-title":"Increased frequency of BK virus-specific polyfunctional CD8+ T cells predict successful control of BK viremia after kidney transplantation.","volume":"101","author":"Schaenman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R32-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2011.03.008","article-title":"Interobserver agreement for Polyomavirus nephropathy grading in renal allografts using the working proposal from the 10th Banff Conference on Allograft Pathology.","volume":"42","author":"Sar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"R33-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12689","article-title":"BK polyomavirus-specific cellular immune responses are age-dependent and strongly correlate with phases of virus replication.","volume":"14","author":"Schmidt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R34-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00871.x","article-title":"Differences in CMV-specific T-cell levels and long-term susceptibility to CMV infection after kidney, heart and lung transplantation.","volume":"5","author":"Sester","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R35-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-601-6_19","article-title":"Detection of antigen-specific T cells based on intracellular cytokine staining using flow-cytometry.","volume":"1064","author":"Schmidt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"R36-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017050532","article-title":"Neutralizing antibody-mediated response and risk of BK virus-associated nephropathy.","volume":"29","author":"Solis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R37-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2591","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14282","article-title":"BK polyomavirus-specific 9mer CD8 T cell responses correlate with clearance of BK viremia in kidney transplant recipients: first report from the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study.","volume":"17","author":"Leboeuf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R38-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000602","article-title":"BK polyomavirus-specific antibody and T-cell responses in kidney transplantation: update.","volume":"32","author":"Kaur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R39-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31815fef56","article-title":"Recovery of BK virus large T-antigen-specific cellular immune response correlates with resolution of BK virus nephritis.","volume":"85","author":"Prosser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R40-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200105150-00018","article-title":"Levels of virus-specific CD4 T cells correlate with cytomegalovirus control and predict virus-induced disease after renal transplantation.","volume":"71","author":"Sester","year":"2001","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R41-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13528","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13528","article-title":"BK polyomavirus in solid organ transplantation-guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice.","volume":"33","author":"Hirsch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"R42-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000137932.44791.D3","article-title":"Polyomavirus BK-specific immunity after kidney transplantation.","volume":"78","author":"Comoli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transplantation"}],"container-title":["Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/TP.0000000000003133","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T05:21:26Z","timestamp":1696224086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/TP.0000000000003133"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/tp.0000000000003133","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1337"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1337","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]]}}}