{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:19:19Z","timestamp":1792189159746,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"\n Background.<\/jats:title>\n Heart transplantation is a life-saving procedure that has seen improvements in transplant and patient outcomes due to advances in immunosuppression and prevention of posttransplantation infectious episodes (IEps). This study systematically evaluates IEps in the modern era of heart transplantation at Stanford University Medical Center.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods.<\/jats:title>\n This is a single-center retrospective review that includes 279 consecutive adult heart transplantation recipients from January 2008 to September 2017. Baseline demographic, clinical, serological, and outcomes information were collected. Kaplan-Meier estimator was used to assess survival stratified by IEp occurrence within the first year.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results.<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 600 IEps occurred in 279 patients (2.15 IEps per patient) during a median follow-up period of 3 years. Overall survival was 83.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76.2-88.4) at 1 year posttransplantation for those with any IEp compared with 93.0% (95% CI, 87.2-96.4) in those without IEp (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.07). Bacterial IEps were the most common (n\u2009=\u2009375; 62.5%), followed by viral (n\u2009=\u2009180; 30.0%), fungal (n\u2009=\u200940; 6.7%), and parasitic (n\u2009=\u20095; 0.8%). IEps by Gram-negative bacteria (n\u2009=\u2009210) outnumbered those by Gram-positive bacteria (n\u2009=\u2009142). Compared with prior studies from our center, there was a decreased proportion of viral (including cytomegalovirus), fungal (including\n Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n spp. and non-\n Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n spp. molds), and\n Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n infections. There were no IEps due to\n Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/jats:italic>\n , or\n Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n \n A significant reduction in viral, fungal, and\n Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n IEps after heart transplantation was observed, most likely due to advancements in immunosuppression and preventive strategies, including pretransplant infectious diseases screening and antimicrobial prophylaxis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/tp.0000000000003307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T04:24:09Z","timestamp":1589516649000},"page":"e284-e294","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Recent Trends of Infectious Complications Following Heart Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Ashrit","family":"Multani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA."},{"name":"Palo Alto Medical Foundation Toxoplasma Serology Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasbanoo","family":"Moayedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Heart Failure, Cardiac Transplant, and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA."},{"name":"Ted Rogers Centre of Excellence in Heart Function, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Puing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Henricksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Heart Failure, Cardiac Transplant, and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donn W.","family":"Garvert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Tremblay-Gravel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Heart Failure, Cardiac Transplant, and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul E.","family":"Bunce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ted Rogers Centre of Excellence in Heart Function, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Luikart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Heart Failure, Cardiac Transplant, and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather J.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ted Rogers Centre of Excellence in Heart Function, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiran K.","family":"Khush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Heart Failure, Cardiac Transplant, and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose G.","family":"Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA."},{"name":"Palo Alto Medical Foundation Toxoplasma Serology Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey J.","family":"Teuteberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Heart Failure, Cardiac Transplant, and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra064928","article-title":"Infection in solid-organ transplant recipients.","volume":"357","author":"Fishman","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R2-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1086\/322733","article-title":"Infectious complications among 620 consecutive heart transplant patients at Stanford University Medical Center.","volume":"33","author":"Montoya","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R3-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2009.08.018","article-title":"Changing trends in infectious disease in heart transplantation.","volume":"29","author":"Haddad","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"R4-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2018.07.022","article-title":"The International Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: thirty-fifth adult heart transplantation report-2018; focus theme: multiorgan transplantation.","volume":"37","author":"Khush","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"R5-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-74-1-22","article-title":"Infectious complications after cardiac transplantation in man.","volume":"74","author":"Stinson","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R6-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofw086","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofw086","article-title":"Donor-derived coccidioides immitis endocarditis and disseminated infection in the setting of solid organ transplantation.","volume":"3","author":"Nelson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"R7-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029753","article-title":"Honoring 50 years of clinical heart transplantation in circulation: in-depth state-of-the-art review.","volume":"137","author":"Stehlik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R8-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-018-1018-3","article-title":"Complications of cardiac transplantation.","volume":"20","author":"Potena","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"R9-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2016.1139279","article-title":"Bloodstream infections after solid-organ transplantation.","volume":"7","author":"Kritikos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"R10-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12984","article-title":"Changing trends in the aetiology, treatment and outcomes of bloodstream infection occurring in the first year after solid organ transplantation: a single-centre prospective cohort study.","volume":"30","author":"Oriol","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"R11-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix1085","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for clostridium difficile infection in adults and children: 2017 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA).","volume":"66","author":"McDonald","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R12-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz021","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for the management of asymptomatic bacteriuria: 2019 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America.","volume":"68","author":"Nicolle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R13-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13507","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13507","article-title":"Urinary tract infections in solid organ transplant recipients: guidelines from the American Society of transplantation infectious diseases community of practice.","volume":"33","author":"Goldman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"R14-20231002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002422","article-title":"Migrating from universal to personalized prevention: predicting the risk of cytomegalovirus infection after organ transplantation.","volume":"102","author":"Kotton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transplantation"}],"container-title":["Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/TP.0000000000003307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T01:48:00Z","timestamp":1696211280000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/TP.0000000000003307"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/tp.0000000000003307","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1337"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1337","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]}}}