{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T10:49:25Z","timestamp":1783421365552,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was designed to analyze the role of postoperative donor cell chimerism for the induction and maintenance of transplantation tolerance in a porcine lung transplantation model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Left-sided single lung transplantation from major histocompatibility mismatched male donors was performed in 27 female minipigs. All received a 28-day course of pharmacologic immunosuppression using various agents, some in combination with preoperative irradiation. Groups for eventual analysis were strictly defined by outcome, that is, pigs with acute rejection before postoperative day 178 (n=16) were allocated into one group, long-term surviving animals (n=11) into the other. Peripheral blood chimerism was monitored by flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Intragraft chimerism was detected from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) by fluorescent in situ hybridization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood chimerism peaked 1 hour after transplantation and was significantly higher in the group of long-term survivors at that time. Thereafter chimerism rapidly decreased, but tended to remain higher in long-term survivors. In case of acute rejection donor cells were lost, but remained detectable for up to 36 postoperative months in tolerant animals. In BALF, the percentage of male nuclei was equally high under immunosuppression in both groups. Rejecting animals showed a rapid decrease of Y-bearing cells in BALF after drug withdrawal and an almost complete loss when acute rejection occurred. In tolerant pigs, intragraft chimerism remained detectable throughout the follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates a clear correlation of donor leukocyte chimerism with long-term allograft survival in a porcine allogeneic lung transplantation model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/tp.0b013e3181a3c4cb","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,21]],"date-time":"2009-05-21T17:18:37Z","timestamp":1242926317000},"page":"1468-1477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Correlation of Donor Leukocyte Chimerism With Pulmonary Allograft Survival After Immunosuppressive Drug Withdrawal in a Porcine Model"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Bianca","family":"Kruse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Thissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregor","family":"Warnecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Avsar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Gottlieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens M.","family":"Hohlfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johann H.","family":"Karstens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volkhard","family":"Kaever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"L\u00e4nger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Pabst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendrik","family":"Ungefroren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Haverich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Str\u00fcber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-8-20260130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semtcvs.2004.09.010","article-title":"Immunosuppression for lung transplantation [Review]","volume":"16","author":"Allan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"R2-8-20260130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2007.06.003","article-title":"Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: twenty-fourth official adult lung and heart-lung transplantation report-2007","volume":"26","author":"Trulock","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"R3-8-20260130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2005.05.023","article-title":"Tacrolimus versus cyclosporine induction therapy in pulmonary transplantation in miniature swine","volume":"28","author":"Warnecke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"R4-8-20260130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000225833.23093.ed","article-title":"Preoperative low-dose irradiation promotes long-term allograft acceptance and induces regulatory T cells in a porcine model of pulmonary transplantation","volume":"82","author":"Warnecke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R5-8-20260130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.66.2.306","article-title":"Peripheral blood allogeneic microchimerism in lung and cardiac allograft recipients","volume":"66","author":"Reinsmoen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"R6-8-20260130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200105150-00026","article-title":"Early chimerism of macrophages and lymphocytes in lung transplant recipients is predictive of graft tolerance","volume":"71","author":"Rothmeier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R7-8-20260130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2052.1988.tb00792.x","article-title":"Joint report of the first international comparison test on swine lymphocyte alloantigens (SLA)","volume":"19","author":"Renard","year":"1988","journal-title":"Animal Genet"},{"key":"R9-8-20260130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2002.119063","article-title":"Surfactant function in lung transplantation after 24 hours of ischemia: Advantage of retrograde flush perfusion for preservation","volume":"123","author":"Str\u00fcber","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"R10-8-20260130","first-page":"1","article-title":"Revision of the 1990 working formulation for the classification of pulmonary allograft rejection: Lung Rejection Study Group","volume":"15","author":"Yousem","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"R11-8-20260130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2007.10.017","article-title":"Revision of the 1996 working formulation for the standardization of nomenclature in the diagnosis of lung rejection","volume":"26","author":"Stewart","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"R12-8-20260130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000128298.12937.B2","article-title":"Portal donor-specific blood transfusion and mycophenolate mofetil allow steroid avoidance and tacrolimus dose reduction with sustained levels of chimerism in a pig model of intestinal transplantation","volume":"77","author":"Gruessner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R13-8-20260130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1006\/phrs.1998.0326","article-title":"The pharmacological role of P-glycoprotein in the intestinal epithelium","volume":"37","author":"Asperen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"R14-8-20260130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.2940130302","article-title":"Overlapping substrate specifities and tissue distribution of cytochrome P450 3A and P-glycoprotein: Implications for drug delivery and activity in cancer chemotherapy","volume":"13","author":"Wacher","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol Carcinog"},{"key":"R15-8-20260130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(25)08713-9","article-title":"Modulators and substrates of P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 3A coordinately up-regulate proteins in human colon carcinoma cells","volume":"49","author":"Schuetz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"R16-8-20260130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000286172.57076.df","article-title":"Early hematopoietic microchimerism predicts clinical outcome after kidney transplantation","volume":"84","author":"Pujal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R17-8-20260130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2006.08.158","article-title":"Microchimerism evaluation in recipients of living-related or unrelated deceased allograft renal transplants","volume":"38","author":"Crispim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"R18-8-20260130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.5530130607","article-title":"Microchimerism, dendritic cell progenitors and transplantation tolerance","volume":"13","author":"Thomson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"R19-8-20260130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199306000-00012","article-title":"Chimerism and donor-specific nonreactivity 27 to 29 years after kidney allotransplantation","volume":"55","author":"Starzl","year":"1993","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R20-8-20260130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840170629","article-title":"Cell migration and chimerism after whole-organ transplantation: the basis of graft acceptance","volume":"17","author":"Starzl","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R21-8-20260130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199505270-00001","article-title":"Donor-recipient microchimerism is not required for tolerance induction following recipient pretreatment with donor-specific transfusion and anti-CD4 antibody. Evidence of a clear role for short-term antigen persistence","volume":"59","author":"Bushell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R22-8-20260130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199707150-00022","article-title":"Preclinical studies of allograft tolerance in rhesus monkeys: A novel anti-CD3-immunotoxin given peritransplant with donor bone marrow induces operational tolerance to kidney allografts","volume":"64","author":"Thomas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R23-8-20260130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2003-0140OC","article-title":"Lung cells transplanted to irradiated recipients generate lymphohematopoietic progeny","volume":"30","author":"Abe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"R24-8-20260130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199457110-00015","article-title":"Emergence of inflammatory alveolar macrophages during rejection or infection after lung transplantation","volume":"57","author":"Frachon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R25-8-20260130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.42.5.443","article-title":"Self-renewal of pulmonary alveolar macrophages: Evidence from radiation chimera studies","volume":"42","author":"Tarling","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"}],"container-title":["Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00007890-200905270-00008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T13:01:13Z","timestamp":1769778073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00007890-200905270-00008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,27]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/tp.0b013e3181a3c4cb","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1337"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1337","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,27]]}}}