{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:45:03Z","timestamp":1791308703019,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,15]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/tp.0b013e3181d0e15e","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,18]],"date-time":"2010-03-18T09:40:39Z","timestamp":1268905239000},"page":"1057-1070","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":215,"title":["Treatment of Polyomavirus Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Olwyn","family":"Johnston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dharmvir","family":"Jaswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John S.","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Doucette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean A.","family":"Fergusson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greg A.","family":"Knoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912023412303","article-title":"Comparison of mortality in all patients on dialysis, patients on dialysis awaiting transplantation, and recipients of a first cadaveric transplant.","volume":"341","author":"Wolfe","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R2-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1996.307","article-title":"A study of the quality of life and cost-utility of renal transplantation.","volume":"50","author":"Laupacis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R3-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200003023420901","article-title":"Improved graft survival after renal transplantation in the United States, 1988 to 1996.","volume":"342","author":"Hariharan","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R4-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2002.00424.x","article-title":"Post-transplant renal function in the first year predicts long-term kidney transplant survival.","volume":"62","author":"Hariharan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R5-3-20210129","first-page":"147","article-title":"USRDS 2006 Annual Data Report: Atlas of end-stage renal disease in the United States.","year":"2006"},{"key":"R6-3-20210129","article-title":"2006 Annual Report of the U.S. Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network and the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients: Transplant Data 1996\u20132005.","year":"2006"},{"issue":"5","key":"R7-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2006.01270.x","article-title":"Immunosuppression: Evolution in practice and trends, 1994\u20132004.","volume":"6","author":"Meier-Kriesche","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R8-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000156165.83160.09","article-title":"Polyomavirus- associated nephropathy in renal transplantation: Interdisciplinary analyses and recommendations.","volume":"79","author":"Hirsch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R9-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2006.01403.x","article-title":"BK virus infection in transplant recipients: An overview and update.","volume":"6","author":"Randhawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R10-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.58.061705.145143","article-title":"Why hasn't eliminating acute rejection improved graft survival?","volume":"58","author":"Tantravahi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"issue":"suppl 10","key":"R11-3-20210129","first-page":"89","article-title":"Am J T","volume":"4","year":"2004","journal-title":"ransplant"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"R12-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00920207","article-title":"BK virus nephropathy and kidney transplantation.","volume":"2","author":"Bohl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R13-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e318197c17d","article-title":"The decade of polyomavirus BK-associated nephropathy: State of affairs.","volume":"87","author":"Ramos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R14-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00742.x","article-title":"Incidence of BK with tacrolimus versus cyclosporine and impact of preemptive immunosuppression reduction.","volume":"5","author":"Brennan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R15-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00934.x","article-title":"A prospective longitudinal study of BK virus infection in 104 renal transplant recipients.","volume":"5","author":"Bressollette-Bodin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R16-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200104150-00013","article-title":"Polyoma virus infection after renal transplantation. Use of immunostaining as a guide to diagnosis.","volume":"71","author":"Ahuja","year":"2001","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R17-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-6143.2004.00603.x","article-title":"Histological patterns of polyomavirus nephropathy: Correlation with graft outcome and viral load.","volume":"4","author":"Drachenberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R18-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1086\/344060","article-title":"Pathogenesis and management of polyomavirus infection in transplant recipients.","volume":"35","author":"Kwak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R19-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E13","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2001.26917","article-title":"Polyomavirus BK nephropathy in a kidney transplant recipient: Critical issues of diagnosis and management.","volume":"38","author":"Mayr","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"R20-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00602.x","article-title":"BK virus nephritis: risk factors, timing, and outcome in renal transplant recipients.","volume":"68","author":"Vasudev","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R21-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3046.2005.00391.x","article-title":"Intermediate-dose cidofovir without probenecid in the treatment of BK virus allograft nephropathy.","volume":"10","author":"Araya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Transplant"},{"key":"R22-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/17.11.2023","article-title":"Treatment of polyomavirus infection with cidofovir in a renal-transplant recipient.","volume":"17","author":"Bjorang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"R23-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2006.08.027","article-title":"Polyomavirus BK nephropathy: The effect of an early diagnosis on renal function or graft loss.","volume":"38","author":"Burgos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"R24-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3046.2006.00575.x","article-title":"Polyomavirus (BK) in pediatric renal transplants: Evaluation of viremic patients with and without BK associated nephritis.","volume":"10","author":"Hymes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Transplant"},{"key":"R25-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-6143.2003.30202.x","article-title":"Treatment of refractory BK virus-associated nephropathy with cidofovir.","volume":"3","author":"Kadambi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R26-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfg061","article-title":"BK transplant nephropathy successfully treated with cidofovir.","volume":"18","author":"Keller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"R27-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00980.x","article-title":"Adjuvant low-dose cidofovir therapy for BK polyomavirus interstitial nephritis in renal transplant recipients.","volume":"5","author":"Kuypers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R28-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2008.00214.x","article-title":"Use of cidofovir in polyomavirus BK viral nephropathy in two renal allograft recipients.","volume":"8","author":"Lim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nephrology (Carlton)"},{"key":"R29-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2004.00685.x","article-title":"BKV in simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant recipients: A leading cause of renal graft loss in first 2 years post-transplant.","volume":"5","author":"Lipshutz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R30-3-20210129","first-page":"143","article-title":"BK virus nephropathy diagnosis and treatment: Experience at the University of Maryland Renal Transplant Program.","author":"Ramos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Transpl"},{"key":"R31-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2598","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh391","article-title":"Monitoring the progress of BK virus associated nephropathy in renal transplant recipients.","volume":"19","author":"Tong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"R32-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200301150-00020","article-title":"Quantitative viral load monitoring and cidofovir therapy for the management of BK virus-associated nephropathy in children and adults.","volume":"75","author":"Vats","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"suppl 5","key":"R33-3-20210129","first-page":"190","article-title":"BK virus associated nephropathy and cidofovir: Long term experience.","volume":"3","author":"Vats","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R34-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2006.11.001","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of BK virus DNAemia in renal transplant patients and their transplant outcome.","volume":"39","author":"Basse","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"R36-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000181149.76113.50","article-title":"Treatment of renal allograft polyoma BK virus infection with leflunomide.","volume":"81","author":"Josephson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R37-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200503173521125","article-title":"Leflunomide for polyomavirus type BK nephropathy.","volume":"352","author":"Williams","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R38-3-20210129","first-page":"2829","article-title":"Urological manifestations of BK polyomavirus in renal transplant recipients.","volume":"12","author":"Chang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can J Urol"},{"key":"R39-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000181096.14257.c2","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin as a treatment for BK virus associated nephropathy: One-year follow-up of renal allograft recipients.","volume":"81","author":"Sener","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"5","key":"R40-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2006.01296.x","article-title":"Kidney transplant function and histological clearance of virus following diagnosis of polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PVAN).","volume":"6","author":"Wadei","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"suppl 8","key":"R41-3-20210129","first-page":"587","article-title":"Use of fluoroquinolones to treat BK infection in renal transplant recipients.","volume":"4","author":"Chandraker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R42-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00770-9","article-title":"Polyomavirus BK.","volume":"3","author":"Hirsch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"R43-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(95)00134-4","article-title":"Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: Is blinding necessary?","volume":"17","author":"Jadad","year":"1996","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"R45-3-20210129","article-title":"The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses, vol 2009.","author":"Wells","year":"2001"},{"key":"R47-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/141.2.157","article-title":"Interferon and BK papovavirus\u2014Clinical and laboratory studies.","volume":"141","author":"Cheeseman","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R48-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31816a33d4","article-title":"Does reduction in immunosuppression in viremic patients prevent BK virus nephropathy in de novo renal transplant recipients? A prospective study.","volume":"85","author":"Almeras","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R49-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020439","article-title":"Prospective study of polyomavirus type BK replication and nephropathy in renal-transplant recipients.","volume":"347","author":"Hirsch","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R50-3-20210129","first-page":"127","article-title":"Prospective study of BKV nephropathy in 117 renal transplant recipients.","volume":"30","author":"Giraldi","year":"2007","journal-title":"New Microbiol"},{"key":"R51-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1086\/320711","article-title":"Quantitation of BK virus load in serum for the diagnosis of BK virus-associated nephropathy in renal transplant recipients.","volume":"183","author":"Limaye","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R52-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2005.08.018","article-title":"BK virus nephropathy in renal transplant recipients in Kuwait: A preliminary report.","volume":"37","author":"Nampoory","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"R53-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000023435.07320.81","article-title":"Clinical course of polyoma virus nephropathy in 67 renal transplant patients.","volume":"13","author":"Ramos","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R54-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0012.2001.150404.x","article-title":"Polyoma viral infection in renal transplantation: the role of immunosuppressive therapy.","volume":"15","author":"Barri","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"R55-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000268524.27506.39","article-title":"BK virus-associated nephropathy in sirolimus-treated renal transplant patients: Incidence, course, and clinical outcomes.","volume":"84","author":"Benavides","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R56-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-6135.2003.00238.x","article-title":"Polyomavirus allograft nephropathy: Sequential assessment of histologic viral load, tubulitis, and graft function following changes in immunosuppression.","volume":"3","author":"Celik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R57-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1086\/498530","article-title":"Rapid dynamics of polyomavirus type BK in renal transplant recipients.","volume":"193","author":"Funk","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R58-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199911150-00011","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of BK polyomavirus interstitial nephritis in renal transplant recipients.","volume":"68","author":"Howell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R59-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2760","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-1345(00)01869-8","article-title":"Polyomavirus-induced acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis in renal allograft recipients.","volume":"32","author":"Hurault de Ligny","year":"2000","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"R60-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2005.00393.x","article-title":"Polyomavirus nephropathy after renal transplantation: A single centre experience.","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nephrology (Carlton)"},{"key":"R61-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03930907","article-title":"Higher levels of leflunomide are associated with hemolysis and are not superior to lower levels for BK virus clearance in renal transplant patients.","volume":"3","author":"Leca","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R62-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200212150-00004","article-title":"BK virus and SV40 co-infection in polyomavirus nephropathy.","volume":"74","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R63-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(97)90130-X","article-title":"Polyomavirus-induced interstitial nephritis in two renal transplant recipients: Case reports and review of the literature.","volume":"29","author":"Mathur","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"R64-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199901150-00018","article-title":"Human polyoma virus-associated interstitial nephritis in the allograft kidney.","volume":"67","author":"Randhawa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R65-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e318166cba8","article-title":"Successful treatment of BK viremia using reduction in immunosuppression without antiviral therapy.","volume":"85","author":"Saad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R66-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S82","DOI":"10.1177\/1522162802238460","article-title":"Cidofovir: A method of treatment for BK virus-associated transplant nephropathy.","volume":"5","author":"Scantlebury","year":"2002","journal-title":"Graft"},{"key":"R67-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP60125","article-title":"Infection with polyomavirus type BK after renal transplantation.","volume":"60","author":"Schmitz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"R68-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3062.2003.00009.x","article-title":"Polyomavirus in kidney and kidney-pancreas transplant recipients.","volume":"5","author":"Trofe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"R69-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000142127.84497.50","article-title":"BK virus-associated nephropathy in renal allograft recipients: Rescue therapy by sirolimus-based immunosuppression.","volume":"78","author":"Wali","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R70-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05691207","article-title":"Aggressive immunosuppression minimization reduces graft loss following diagnosis of BK virus-associated nephropathy: A comparison of two reduction strategies.","volume":"3","author":"Weiss","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R71-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-1345(02)03078-6","article-title":"Polyomavirus in kidney and kidney-pancreas transplantation: A defined protocol for immunosuppression reduction and histologic monitoring.","volume":"34","author":"Trofe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"R72-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3364","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfl404","article-title":"Current recommendations for diagnosis and management of polyoma BK virus nephropathy in renal transplant recipients.","volume":"21","author":"Blanckaert","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"R73-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn305","article-title":"Antiviral therapy for polyomavirus-associated nephropathy after renal transplantation.","volume":"62","author":"Hilton","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"}],"container-title":["Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181d0e15e","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T07:20:08Z","timestamp":1620976808000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00007890-201005150-00003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,15]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/tp.0b013e3181d0e15e","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1337"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1337","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,15]]}}}