{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T16:58:23Z","timestamp":1780851503365,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pancreas transplantation (PT), historically limited to patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), is currently performed successfully in selected patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, contemporary practice patterns and eligibility criteria for PT in T2D remain incompletely characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The International Pancreas and Islet Transplant Association Pancreas Transplant Interest Group developed an electronic survey to assess center-level approaches to patient phenotyping, candidacy, and peri- and posttransplant management for PT in patients with T2D. The survey was distributed to international transplant professionals during an International Pancreas and Islet Transplant Association Pre-Congress meeting on June 15, 2025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty-seven participants completed the survey. Most respondents\u2019 programs offer PT for T2D only when a kidney transplant is also indicated. Fewer respondents\u2019 programs also offer PT alone (10%), evaluate T2D candidates on a case-by-case basis (3%), or do not offer PT to patients with T2D (10%). Total daily insulin requirement and body mass index (BMI) were the most selected factors in determining eligibility. Considerable variability existed in metabolic thresholds: 62% of programs reported no C-peptide cutoff, whereas nearly half required a BMI of &lt;30\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      for C-peptide-positive candidates. Respondents frequently recommend weight-optimization strategies, including lifestyle modification, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and bariatric surgery for candidates exceeding acceptable BMI thresholds. Surgical technique, induction, and maintenance immunosuppression and early posttransplant glycemic management were largely uniform between T2D and T1D recipients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>International practice reflects broad but heterogeneous adoption of PT for T2D, with most participants restricting its use to candidates requiring kidney transplantation and emphasizing integrated clinical phenotyping approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/txd.0000000000001963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T16:00:07Z","timestamp":1780848007000},"page":"e1963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pancreas Transplantation for Recipients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Results of an International Survey"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8708-1506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan A.","family":"Fridell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo D.","family":"Uva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Trasplantes y Alta Complejidad (ITAC), Buenos Aires, Argentina."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Kukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ava","family":"DeLonais-Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Louis University Transplant Center, SSM Health Saint Louis University Hospital, St. Louis, MO."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rushda Faruk","family":"Mansuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Louis University Transplant Center, SSM Health Saint Louis University Hospital, St. Louis, MO."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Axelrod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ty","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Froedert Hospital, Milwaukee, WI."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silke V.","family":"Niederhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Parsons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Pleass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Paraskevas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Rickels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Stratta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist. Winston-Salem, NC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Ventura-Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Transplant Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth J.","family":"Woodside","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sharing Hope SC, Charleston, SC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krista L.","family":"Lentine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Louis University Transplant Center, SSM Health Saint Louis University Hospital, St. Louis, MO."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15615","article-title":"Three-month pancreas graft function significantly influences survival following simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation in type 2 diabetes patients.","volume":"20","author":"Alhamad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R2-20260607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12957","article-title":"An analysis of the survival outcomes of simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation compared to live donor kidney transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes: a UK Transplant Registry study.","volume":"30","author":"Barlow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"R3-20260607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2018.01.009","article-title":"Pancreas transplantation for patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the United States: a registry report.","volume":"47","author":"Gruessner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"R4-20260607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2021.02.339","article-title":"Transplant options for patients with diabetes and advanced kidney disease: a review.","volume":"78","author":"Kukla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"R5-20260607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.13679","article-title":"Relative survival and quality of life benefits of pancreas-kidney transplantation, deceased kidney transplantation and dialysis in type 1 diabetes mellitus\u2014a probabilistic simulation model.","volume":"33","author":"Shingde","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"R6-20260607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000000663","article-title":"A reassessment of the survival advantage of simultaneous kidney-pancreas versus kidney-alone transplantation.","volume":"99","author":"Sung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R7-20260607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181b76d2b","article-title":"One thousand simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplants at a single center with 22-year follow-up.","volume":"250","author":"Sollinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"R8-20260607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000004113","article-title":"Pancreas transplantation for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review, critical gaps in the literature, and a path forward.","volume":"106","author":"Amara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R9-20260607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2810","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16462","article-title":"Single center results of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation in patients with type 2 diabetes.","volume":"21","author":"Pham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R10-20260607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000004114","article-title":"What does pancreas transplantation for type 2 diabetes even mean? 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