{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T07:29:12Z","timestamp":1793690952101,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Widely accessible education on organ donation and transplantation (ODT) is a tool to reduce waiting lists, as &lt;10% of transplant needs are met (Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation). We aimed to assess the current state of access to education on ODT worldwide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We surveyed transplant physicians and surgeons worldwide. Respondents were classified according to the mean deceased donation (DD) rate per million population (PMP) of their countries from 2016 to 2021 (excluding 2020): Group (G) 1 (G1) no DD reported, or no data provided to Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation; (G2) &lt;10 DD PMP; (G3) 10\u201319.9; (G4) 20\u201329.9; and (G5)\u2005\u226530. We inquired about the availability of education on ODT in countries and regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed 311 respondents. We observed that the availability of education on ODT was as follows: in postgraduate education (77.2% in countries, 70.4% in regions), in undergraduate medical school (52.8%, 50.6%), in elementary school (14.2%, 14.2%), in high school (24.6%, 25.7%), and for the public (58.8%, 57.2%). The highest challenges were observed mainly in countries with lower DD rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This worldwide survey suggests that there are areas for improvement at a global level in education on ODT, spanning from schoolchildren to the public and from undergraduate to postgraduate medical students. This is a \u201cCall to Action\u201d to close the global education gap.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/txd.0000000000002002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T07:00:33Z","timestamp":1793689233000},"page":"e2002","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mind the Gap: Disparities in Education on Organ Donation and Transplantation\u2014Results of a Global Survey"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Herrera-Gayol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AHG Consultant, Westmount, QC, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Medhat","family":"Askar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hari S.","family":"Meshram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Center, Ahmedabad, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel E.","family":"Gondolesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transplantation, MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, DC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nithya","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire, Coventry University, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen M.","family":"Dwyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumud","family":"Dhital","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Beed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Stock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery-Transplant Services, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek B.","family":"Kute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Center, Ahmedabad, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Section, Instituto Universitario CEMIC, Buenos Aires, Argentina."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Ghnaimat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Al-Rasheed and Specialty Hospitals, Amman, Jordan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Barbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Rafik Hariri University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Abbud-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transplant, Organ Transplantation Center, Hospital de Base, FUNFARME, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ban-Hock","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, University of British Columbia, St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Schiff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elias J.","family":"Elenjickal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirela","family":"Bu\u0161ic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SoHO Standards Department of Biological Standardisation, OMCL Network and HealthCare (DBO) EDQM, Council of Europe, Strasbourg, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Danziger-Isakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroto","family":"Egawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu Rosai Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Transplant Program, Santa Casa de Misericordia de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Garcia-Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jongwon","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Imventarza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Transplant Program, Department of Surgery, Hospital Argerich, Buenos Aires, Argentina."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne J.","family":"Hawthorne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marti","family":"Manyalich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donation and Transplantation Institute, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Pilmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renal Medicine, Auckland City Hospital, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Berenguer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Hospital Universitario la Fe\u2014IIS La Fe Valencia, CiberEHD and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Dom\u00ednguez-Gil Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donation and Transplantation Institute, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Tchervenkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaifali","family":"Sandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4766-3333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"Cantarovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the members of the TTS Working Group and 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