{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T11:17:12Z","timestamp":1789903032060,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/wad.0b013e318231e5fc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,4]],"date-time":"2011-10-04T18:33:09Z","timestamp":1317753189000},"page":"217-224","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Abnormalities Associated With Apathy and Depression in Alzheimer Disease"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ji Yeon","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Sung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyejin","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hae-Woo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu Kyeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong Jin","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"June-Key","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myung Chul","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maeng Je","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Soo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550160083043","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer disease and related disorders. Consensus statement of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, the Alzheimers Association, and the American Geriatrics Society.","volume":"278","author":"Small","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R2-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-1166(200102)16:2<192::AID-GPS301>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Family, Alzheimers disease and negative symptoms.","volume":"16","author":"Thomas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R3-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1159\/000017113","article-title":"Behavioral syndromes in Alzheimers disease: description and correlates.","volume":"10","author":"Frisoni","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"R4-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200203000-00004","article-title":"Provisional diagnostic criteria for depression of Alzheimer disease: rationale and background.","volume":"10","author":"Olin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R5-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e31818a0e35","article-title":"Apathy predicts more severe parkinsonism in Alzheimers disease.","volume":"17","author":"Starkstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R6-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1159\/000074280","article-title":"Treating apathy in Alzheimers disease.","volume":"17","author":"Boyle","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"R7-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.10.3.314","article-title":"Apathy is not depression.","volume":"10","author":"Levy","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"R8-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199404000-00008","article-title":"Group differences in the relationship between apathy and depression.","volume":"182","author":"Marin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"R9-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2008.09.002","article-title":"Depression and apathy in dementia: same syndrome or different constructs A critical review.","volume":"49","author":"Tagariello","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"R10-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.1978.4329385","article-title":"A method for attenuation correction in radionuclide computed tomography.","volume":"25","author":"Chang","year":"1978","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science"},{"key":"R11-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.06.053","article-title":"The relationship between depressive symptoms and prefrontal hypoperfusion demonstrated by eZIS in patients with DAT.","volume":"441","author":"Akiyama","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"R12-4-20210128","first-page":"218","article-title":"Frontal lobe hypoperfusion and depressive symptoms in Alzheimer disease.","volume":"33","author":"Levy-Cooperman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"R13-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1159\/000072808","article-title":"Selective hypoperfusion of anterior cingulate gyrus in depressed AD patients: a brain SPECT finding by statistical parametric mapping.","volume":"16","author":"Liao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"R14-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/28.4.385","article-title":"Depressive illness, depressive symptomatology and regional cerebral blood flow in elderly people with sub-clinical cognitive impairment.","volume":"28","author":"Ritchie","year":"1999","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"R15-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.2.380","article-title":"Frontal lobe hypometabolism and depression in Alzheimers disease.","volume":"50","author":"Hirono","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R16-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.11.035","article-title":"Regional cerebral metabolism in early Alzheimers disease with clinically significant apathy or depression.","volume":"57","author":"Holthoff","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R17-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JGP.0000214541.79965.2d","article-title":"Frontal dysfunction underlies depressive syndrome in Alzheimer disease: a FDG-PET study.","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R18-4-20210128","first-page":"476","article-title":"The relationship between psychiatric symptoms and regional cortical metabolism in Alzheimers disease.","volume":"7","author":"Sultzer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am Neuropsych Assoc"},{"key":"R19-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.9.1791","article-title":"Paralimbic frontal lobe hypometabolism in depression associated with Huntingtons disease.","volume":"42","author":"Mayberg","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R20-4-20210128","first-page":"428","article-title":"Frontal lobe dysfunction in secondary depression.","volume":"6","author":"Mayberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am Neuropsych Assoc"},{"key":"R21-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.165.3.333","article-title":"Depression in Parkinsons disease. A positron emission study.","volume":"165","author":"Ring","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R22-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/S1052-5149(03)00104-7","article-title":"Positron emission tomography imaging in depression: a neural systems perspective.","volume":"13","author":"Mayberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin N Am"},{"key":"R23-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810030049007","article-title":"Reduction of prefrontal cortex glucose metabolism common to three types of depression.","volume":"46","author":"Baxter","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R24-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170003806X","article-title":"The anatomy of melancholia--focal abnormalities of cerebral blood flow in major depression.","volume":"22","author":"Bench","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R25-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(01)00301-9","article-title":"Brain single photon emission computed tomography findings in depressive pseudodementia patients.","volume":"69","author":"Cho","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"R26-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/S1052-5149(03)00104-7","article-title":"Positron emission tomography imaging in depression: a neural systems perspective.","volume":"13","author":"Mayberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin N Am"},{"key":"R27-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2000.101001011.x","article-title":"PET measurements of brain glucose metabolism and blood flow in major depressive disorder: a critical review.","volume":"101","author":"Videbech","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"R28-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2002.02245.x","article-title":"The Danish PETdepression project: clinical symptoms and cerebral blood flow. A regions-of-interest analysis.","volume":"106","author":"Videbech","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"R29-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1159\/000017198","article-title":"Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Alzheimers Disease Relation between Apathy and Regional Cerebral Perfusion.","volume":"10","author":"Benoit","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"R30-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1996.00550110056012","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow correlates of apathy in Alzheimer disease.","volume":"53","author":"Craig","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"R31-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1159\/000103633","article-title":"A SPECT Study of Apathy in Alzheimers Disease.","volume":"24","author":"Lanctot","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"R32-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1163","article-title":"Brain perfusion correlates of the apathy inventory dimensions of Alzheimers disease.","volume":"19","author":"Benoit","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R33-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.30.051606.094334","article-title":"Orbitofrontal cortex and its contribution to decision-making.","volume":"30","author":"Wallis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"R34-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0741","article-title":"Perfusion Brain SPECT and Statistical Parametric Mapping Analysis Indicate That Apathy Is a Cingulate Syndrome: A Study in Alzheimers Disease and Nondemented Patients.","volume":"13","author":"Migneco","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"R35-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.755","article-title":"The apathy inventory: assessment of apathy and awareness in Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease and mild cognitive impairment.","volume":"17","author":"Robert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R36-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/35077500","article-title":"Primate anterior cingulate cortex: where motor control, drive and cognition interface.","volume":"2","author":"Paus","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"R37-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01088.x","article-title":"Lack of initiative and interest in Alzheimers disease: a single photon emission computed tomography study.","volume":"13","author":"Robert","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"Suppl 7","key":"R38-4-20210128","first-page":"VII54","article-title":"Apathy and the basal ganglia.","volume":"253","author":"Levy","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"R39-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-010-9196-9","article-title":"Apathy in Neuropsychiatric Disease: Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment.","volume":"19","author":"Chase","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurotoxicity Research"},{"key":"R40-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00428-2","article-title":"Frontal-subcortical neuronal circuits and clinical neuropsychiatry: An update.","volume":"53","author":"Tekin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"R41-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2007.02.009","article-title":"Stability of emotional dysfunctions A long-term fMRI study in first-episode schizophrenia.","volume":"41","author":"Reske","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"R42-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.06.064","article-title":"Dissociation between emotion and personality judgments: convergent evidence from functional neuroimaging.","volume":"28","author":"Heberlein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"R43-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1177\/1534582302001001003","article-title":"Recognizing emotion from facial expressions: psychological and neurological mechanisms.","volume":"1","author":"Adolphs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev"},{"key":"R44-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.2009.21.3.266","article-title":"Apathy is not depression in Huntingtons disease.","volume":"21","author":"Naarding","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"R45-4-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000230572.07791.22","article-title":"Dissociating apathy and depression in Parkinson disease.","volume":"67","author":"Kirsch-Darrow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Alzheimer Disease &amp; Associated Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00002093-201207000-00004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T20:29:59Z","timestamp":1786048199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00002093-201207000-00004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/wad.0b013e318231e5fc","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-0341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-0341","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]}}}