{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:15:01Z","timestamp":1786119301320,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/wco.0b013e32832d9d4f","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,6]],"date-time":"2009-07-06T03:32:10Z","timestamp":1246851130000},"page":"414-418","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Myoclonus"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Willi","family":"Gerschlager","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22072","article-title":"Psychogenic propriospinal myoclonus","volume":"23","author":"Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R2-13-20210206","first-page":"196","article-title":"The nosology and pathophysiology of myoclonus","author":"Marsden","year":"1982"},{"key":"R3-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-008-0024-y","article-title":"Myoclonus","volume":"10","author":"Chang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"key":"R4-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22425","article-title":"Myoclonus-dystonia: an update","volume":"24","author":"Kinugawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R5-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21935","article-title":"Unusual familial presentation of epsilon-sarcoglycan gene mutation with falls and writer's cramp","volume":"23","author":"Koukouni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R6-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000253188.76092.06","article-title":"Myoclonus-dystonia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and alcohol dependence in SGCE mutation carriers","volume":"68","author":"Hess","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R7-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21715","article-title":"Myoclonus-dystonia syndrome: clinical presentation, disease course, and genetic features in 11 families","volume":"23","author":"Nardocci","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R8-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000297516.98574.c0","article-title":"Myoclonus-dystonia: clinical and electrophysiologic pattern related to SGCE mutations","volume":"70","author":"Roze","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R9-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22273","article-title":"Electrophysiological features of myoclonus-dystonia","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R10-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2008.12.001","article-title":"Normal cortical excitability in myoclonus-dystonia: a TMS study","volume":"216","author":"van der Salm","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"R11-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21954","article-title":"Cortical excitability in DYT-11 positive myoclonus dystonia","volume":"23","author":"Meunier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R12-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21284","article-title":"Local field potentials and oscillatory activity of the internal globus pallidus in myoclonus-dystonia","volume":"22","author":"Foncke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R13-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22375","article-title":"Responsiveness to levodopa in epsilon-sarcoglycan deletions","volume":"24","author":"Luciano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R14-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20605","article-title":"A pilot tolerability and efficacy trial of sodium oxybate in ethanol-responsive movement disorders","volume":"20","author":"Frucht","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R15-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20030","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation in myoclonus-dystonia syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Cif","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R16-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.039248","article-title":"Pallidal stimulation relieves myoclonus-dystonia syndrome","volume":"76","author":"Magarinos-Ascone","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R17-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2008.10.015","article-title":"Myoclonus and tremor response to thalamic deep brain stimulation parameters in a patient with inherited myoclonus-dystonia syndrome","volume":"111","author":"Kuncel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"R18-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1119","article-title":"Neurostimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus in inherited myoclonus-dystonia syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Trottenberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R19-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.9.1318","article-title":"Whole-body tremulousness: isolated generalized polymyoclonus","volume":"64","author":"McKeon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"R20-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(08)70033-6","article-title":"Myoclonus","volume":"13","author":"Caviness","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"R21-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.2000.tb00192.x","article-title":"Myoclonus associated with the use of gabapentin","volume":"41","author":"Asconap\u00e9","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"R22-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-005-0970-1","article-title":"Gabapentin-induced severe myoclonus in a patient with impaired renal function","volume":"253","author":"Holtkamp","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"R23-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21911","article-title":"Gabapentin-induced myoclonus: case report","volume":"23","author":"Ege","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R24-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.44000.x","article-title":"Myoclonus in epilepsy patients with anticonvulsive add-on therapy with pregabalin","volume":"42","author":"Huppertz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"R25-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2008.04.006","article-title":"Pregabalin-induced cortical negative myoclonus in a patient with neuropathic pain","volume":"13","author":"Hellwig","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"R26-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01546.x","article-title":"Clinical picture of EPM1-Unverricht\u2013Lundborg disease","volume":"49","author":"K\u00e4lvi\u00e4inen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"R27-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21812","article-title":"The natural history of Unverricht\u2013Lundborg disease: a report of eight genetically proven cases","volume":"23","author":"Chew","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R28-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00553.x","article-title":"Unverricht\u2013Lundborg disease, a condition with self-limited progression: long-term follow-up of 20 patients","volume":"47","author":"Magaudda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"R29-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.11.1686","article-title":"Brainstem involvement in Unverricht\u2013Lundborg disease (EPM1): an MRI and (1)H MRS study","volume":"58","author":"Mascalchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R30-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01118.x","article-title":"Substantial thalamostriatal dopaminergic defect in Unverricht\u2013Lundborg disease","volume":"48","author":"Korja","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"R31-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.3.285","article-title":"Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy of Janz","volume":"34","author":"Delgado-Escueta","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R32-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl048","article-title":"Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy subsyndromes: family studies and long-term follow-up","volume":"129","author":"Martinez-Juarez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"R33-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000313148.34629.1d","article-title":"Myoclonic seizures subside in the fourth decade in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy","volume":"70","author":"Baykan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R34-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000313149.73035.99","article-title":"Novel mutations in myoclonin1\/EFHC1 in sporadic and familial juvenile myoclonic epilepsy","volume":"70","author":"Medina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R35-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2006.11.012","article-title":"Neuropsychological profile of patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: a controlled study of 50 patients","volume":"10","author":"Pascalicchio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"R36-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01482.x","article-title":"Frontal cognitive dysfunction in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy","volume":"49","author":"Piazzini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"R37-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000336969.98241.17","article-title":"Nerve fiber impairment of anterior thalamocortical circuitry in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy","volume":"71","author":"Deppe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R38-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.06.025","article-title":"Regional grey matter abnormalities in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: a voxel-based morphometry study","volume":"37","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"R39-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000297512.18364.40","article-title":"Levetiracetam for the treatment of idiopathic generalized epilepsy with myoclonic seizures","volume":"70","author":"Noachtar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R40-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2007.07.001","article-title":"Levetiracetam monotherapy in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy","volume":"17","author":"Sharpe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"R42-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2007.12.001","article-title":"Abnormal oscillatory synchronisation in the motor system leads to impaired movement","volume":"17","author":"Brown","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"R44-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21651","article-title":"Myoclonus or tremor in orthostatism: an under-recognized cause of unsteadiness in Parkinson's disease","volume":"22","author":"Leu-Semenescu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R45-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000260225.46732.af","article-title":"Orthostatic myoclonus: a contributor to gait decline in selected elderly","volume":"68","author":"Glass","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R46-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22085","article-title":"Primary progressive myoclonus of aging","volume":"23","author":"Alvarez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R47-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000201267.78431.f0","article-title":"Hiccups associated with dopamine agonists in Parkinson disease","volume":"66","author":"Sharma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R48-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21583","article-title":"Hiccup secondary to dopamine agonists in Parkinson's Disease","volume":"22","author":"Lester","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R49-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22395","article-title":"Hiccups associated with levodopa in Parkinson's disease","volume":"24","author":"Gerschlager","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R50-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21910","article-title":"Clinical and neurophysiological characterization of myoclonus in complex regional pain syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Munts","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R51-13-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22355","article-title":"Myoclonus in complex regional pain syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Lang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mov Disord"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/WCO.0b013e32832d9d4f","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T17:51:29Z","timestamp":1786038689000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00019052-200908000-00013"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/wco.0b013e32832d9d4f","relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-7540"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-7540","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]}}}