{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T23:23:02Z","timestamp":1773098582169,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Nondirected donor (NDD) kidney transplant (NDDKT) continues to improve organ access for waitlisted candidates. Although NDDs are becoming increasingly common, there has been no contemporary evaluation of NDD allograft use, and it is vital to understand sociodemographic, as well as center-level, use across the US.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>STUDY DESIGN:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Using national data from the Scientific Registry for Transplant Recipients, this study characterized NDDs, NDDKT recipients, and center-level distribution of NDDKT. Directed donor and NDD characteristics were compared using Fisher\u2019s exact and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify characteristics associated with receiving NDDKT, and center distribution of NDDKT was assessed using the Gini coefficient.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>NDDKT increased from 1.4% (n = 154) of all living donor kidney transplants in 2010 to 6.5% (n = 338) in 2020. Compared with directed living donors, NDDs were older (median [IQR], 44 [33 to 54] vs 43 [33 to 52], p &lt; 0.01), more often male (40.2% vs 36.7%, p &lt; 0.001), and White (91.4% vs 69.5%, p &lt; 0.001). White adult candidates were more likely to receive NDDKT compared with Black (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], <jats:sub>0.30<\/jats:sub>0.34<jats:sub>0.39<\/jats:sub>, p &lt; 0.001), Hispanic\/Latino (aOR, <jats:sub>0.36<\/jats:sub>0.42<jats:sub>0.48<\/jats:sub>, p &lt; 0.001), and Other (aOR, <jats:sub>0.41<\/jats:sub>0.47<jats:sub>0.55<\/jats:sub>, p &lt; 0.001) candidates. Black pediatric candidates had lower odds of receiving NDDKT (aOR, <jats:sub>0.09<\/jats:sub>0.22<jats:sub>0.54<\/jats:sub>, p = 0.02). The proportion of centers performing NDDKT has increased from 2010 to 2020 (Gini = 0.77 vs 0.68).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Although more centers are performing NDDKT, racial disparities persist among NDDs and NDDKT recipients. Continued effort is needed to recruit living kidney donors and improve access to living donation for minority groups in the US. (J Am Coll Surg 2022;234:000-00. \u00a9 2022 by the American College of Surgeons)<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/xcs.0000000000000099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T01:10:52Z","timestamp":1649121052000},"page":"615-623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Examination of Racial and Socioeconomic Disparity in Use of Nondirected Kidney Donation in the US"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"234","author":[{"given":"Leyla R","family":"Herbst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Herbst, Zeiser, Mitchell, Nijhar, L\u00f3pez, Segev, Massie, King, Cameron)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura Bowles","family":"Zeiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Herbst, Zeiser, Mitchell, Nijhar, L\u00f3pez, Segev, Massie, King, Cameron)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Herbst, Zeiser, Mitchell, Nijhar, L\u00f3pez, Segev, Massie, King, Cameron)"},{"name":"the Department of Surgery, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC (Mitchell)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kieranjeet","family":"Nijhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Herbst, Zeiser, Mitchell, Nijhar, L\u00f3pez, Segev, Massie, King, Cameron)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Perincherry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discourse Analytics, Bethesda, MD (Perincherry)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia I","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Herbst, Zeiser, Mitchell, Nijhar, L\u00f3pez, Segev, Massie, King, Cameron)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorry L","family":"Segev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Herbst, Zeiser, Mitchell, Nijhar, L\u00f3pez, Segev, Massie, King, Cameron)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allan B","family":"Massie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Herbst, Zeiser, Mitchell, Nijhar, L\u00f3pez, Segev, Massie, King, Cameron)"},{"name":"the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (Massie)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Herbst, Zeiser, Mitchell, Nijhar, L\u00f3pez, Segev, Massie, King, Cameron)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew M","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Herbst, Zeiser, Mitchell, Nijhar, L\u00f3pez, Segev, Massie, King, Cameron)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15672","article-title":"OPTN\/SRTR 2018 annual data report: kidney.","volume":"20 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