{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:16:51Z","timestamp":1787163411150,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose of review<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gut microbiota and its alterations have been increasingly implicated in the pathophysiology of major psychiatric disorders via the microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis. This narrative review aims to highlight current findings from recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses (published between September 2023 and March 2025), addressing the role of gut microbiota in major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia, with particular attention to the effects of psychotropic medications and microbiota-targeted interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Recent findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In MDD, consistent changes in gut microbiota composition, such as depletion of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Faecalibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and enrichment of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bifidobacterium,<\/jats:italic>\n                      have been reported, although alpha diversity findings remain inconsistent. Antidepressants may modulate microbiota in both humans and animal models, while probiotic and synbiotic interventions yield modest reductions in depressive symptoms and inflammatory markers. In schizophrenia, observational studies showed stable alpha diversity, but altered beta diversity, with taxa like\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Roseburia<\/jats:italic>\n                      linked to symptom severity, cognition, and antipsychotic exposure. Interventional studies, though limited, suggest small-to-moderate clinical improvements with probiotic supplementation, and emerging evidence supports potential benefits for both cognition and reducing metabolic side effects of psychotropic medications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Across depressive and psychotic disorders, growing evidence supports a multifaceted and indispensable role of gut microbiota in clinical symptomatology, treatment response, and cognition of patients. However, substantial variability of methodological frame, limited sample sizes, lack of mechanistic precision, and heterogeneity between published studies result in unequivocal conclusions on the exact effect of microbiota on mental health in general, and on major psychiatric disorders. While microbiota-targeted therapies remain adjunctive and exploratory, recent findings reinforce them as a promising target for more successful treatment of mental health disorders in the near future. In order to reach that goal, we need more rigorous, longitudinal, and integrative studies to guide the clinical implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/yco.0000000000001019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T06:00:12Z","timestamp":1749794412000},"page":"327-333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The role of gut microbiota in psychiatric disorders: current findings"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Ivona","family":"\u0160imunovi\u0107 Filip\u010di\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb"},{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Kol\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Split School of Medicine, Split"},{"name":"Andrija Stampar Teaching Institute of Public Health"},{"name":"University Psychiatric Clinic Sveti Ivan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Gro\u0161i\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek"},{"name":"University Psychiatric Clinic Sveti Ivan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Filip\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek"},{"name":"University Psychiatric Clinic Sveti Ivan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb"},{"name":"University of Applied Health Science, Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11245","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911245","article-title":"The microbiota-gut-brain axis in psychiatric disorders","volume":"23","author":"G\u00f3ralczyk-Bi\u0144kowska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R2-20250730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01456-3","article-title":"A systematic review of gut microbiota composition in observational studies of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia","volume":"27","author":"McGuinness","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R3-20250730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00460-0","article-title":"The gut microbiota-brain axis in behaviour and brain disorders","volume":"19","author":"Morais","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"R4-20250730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"yw020","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyw020","article-title":"Growing up in a bubble: using germ-free animals to assess the influence of the gut microbiota on brain and behavior","volume":"19","author":"Luczynski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"R5-20250730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.44","article-title":"Gut microbiome remodeling induces depressive-like behaviors through a pathway mediated by the host's metabolism","volume":"21","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R6-20250730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.07.053","article-title":"Schizophrenia and antipsychotic medications present distinct and shared gut microbial composition: a meta-analysis","volume":"274","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"R7-20250730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.01.102","article-title":"Gut microbiota and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"266","author":"Sanada","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"R8-20250730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101943","article-title":"The gut microbiota in anxiety and depression - 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