{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T06:31:47Z","timestamp":1792391507850,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/yco.0b013e328363b4da","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,18]],"date-time":"2013-07-18T11:21:03Z","timestamp":1374146463000},"page":"433-439","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Recent advances in psychoneuroimmunology relevant to schizophrenia therapeutics"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Monojit","family":"Debnath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ganesan","family":"Venkatasubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.09.007","article-title":"Meta-analysis of lymphocytes in schizophrenia: clinical status and antipsychotic effects.","volume":"73","author":"Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R3-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.110","article-title":"Increased inflammatory markers identified in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia.","volume":"18","author":"Fillman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R4-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.10.015","article-title":"Immune modulation of learning, memory, neural plasticity and neurogenesis.","volume":"25","author":"Yirmiya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"R5-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2011.12.002","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in schizophrenia especially focused on the role of microglia.","volume":"42","author":"Monji","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R6-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.01.001","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines and neurological and neurocognitive alterations in the course of schizophrenia.","volume":"73","author":"Fineberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R7-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2012.10.008","article-title":"Immuno-inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and neuroprogressive pathways in the etiology, course and treatment of schizophrenia.","volume":"42","author":"Anderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R8-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.04.013","article-title":"Meta-analysis of cytokine alterations in schizophrenia: clinical status and antipsychotic effects.","volume":"70","author":"Miller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R9-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.03.019","article-title":"Similarities in serum oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines in patients with overt schizophrenia at early and late stages of chronicity.","volume":"46","author":"Pedrini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"R10-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2010.530690","article-title":"Regulation of immune-modulatory genes in left superior temporal cortex of schizophrenia patients: a genome-wide microarray study.","volume":"12","author":"Schmitt","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R11-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2012.06.002","article-title":"The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia: convergent clues from epidemiology and neuropathology.","volume":"35","author":"Piper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"R12-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2012.08.015","article-title":"Neurodevelopment and inflammatory patterns in schizophrenia in relation to pathophysiology.","volume":"42","author":"Altamura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Neuro-psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R13-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.06.018","article-title":"Microglial activation in a neuroinflammational animal model of schizophrenia - a pilot study.","volume":"131","author":"Juckel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"R14-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.008","article-title":"Maternal immune activation causes age- and region-specific changes in brain cytokines in offspring throughout development.","volume":"31","author":"Garay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"R15-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29754","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029754","article-title":"Early alterations in hippocampal circuitry and theta rhythm generation in a mouse model of prenatal infection: implications for schizophrenia.","volume":"7","author":"Ducharme","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R16-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51068","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051068","article-title":"Effects of two commonly found strains of influenza A virus on developing dopaminergic neurons, in relation to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.","volume":"7","author":"Landreau","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R17-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2012.06.014","article-title":"Schizophrenia: linking prenatal infection to cytokines, the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway, NMDA receptor hypofunction, neurodevelopment and neuroprogression.","volume":"42","author":"Anderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R18-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2038","article-title":"Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity: uncovering the molecular mechanisms.","volume":"8","author":"Block","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"R19-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22372","article-title":"Microglia as modulators of cognition and neuropsychiatric disorders.","volume":"61","author":"Blank","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"R20-3-20210206","first-page":"263117","article-title":"Microglia and mast cells: two tracks on the road to neuroinflammation.","volume":"263103-","author":"Skaper","year":"2012","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"R22-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-012-9347-2","article-title":"Roles of activated microglia in hypoxia induced neuroinflammation in the developing brain and the retina.","volume":"8","author":"Kaur","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"R23-3-20210206","first-page":"1273","article-title":"Different distribution patterns of lymphocytes and microglia in the hippocampus of patients with residual versus paranoid schizophrenia: further evidence for disease course-related immune alterations Brain Behav","volume":"26","author":"Busse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immun"},{"key":"R24-3-20210206","first-page":"565","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory properties of antipsychotics via microglia modulations: are antipsychotics a fire extinguisher in the brain of schizophrenia Mini Rev Med","volume":"11","author":"Kato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem"},{"key":"R25-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145711001775","article-title":"Risperidone normalizes increased inflammatory parameters and restores anti-inflammatory pathways in a model of neuroinflammation.","volume":"16","author":"MacDowell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"R26-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2011.04.009","article-title":"Impact of antipsychotics on cytokine production in-vitro.","volume":"45","author":"Himmerich","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"R27-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2011.11.011","article-title":"Risperidone modulates the cytokine and chemokine release of dendritic cells and induces TNF--directed cell apoptosis in neutrophils.","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"R28-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.3109\/08923973.2011.651535","article-title":"Clozapine inhibits Th1 cell differentiation and causes the suppression of IFN- production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol"},{"key":"R29-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59012","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059012","article-title":"Clozapine-induced mitochondria alterations and inflammation in brain and insulin-responsive cells.","volume":"8","author":"Contreras-Shannon","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R30-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-012-9382-z","article-title":"Inflammation in patients with schizophrenia: the therapeutic benefits of risperidone plus add-on dextromethorphan.","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"R31-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-12-13","article-title":"Dysregulation of chemo-cytokine production in schizophrenic patients versus healthy controls.","volume":"12","author":"Reale","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"key":"R32-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2011.05.011","article-title":"Soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels correlated with positive symptoms during quetiapine treatment in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.","volume":"35","author":"Igue","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R33-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.10r06823","article-title":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in schizophrenia: ready for practice or a good start A meta-analysis.","volume":"73","author":"Sommer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R34-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40461","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040461","article-title":"Minocycline modulates human social decision-making: possible impact of microglia on personality-oriented social behaviors.","volume":"7","author":"Kato","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R35-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2012.12.032","article-title":"Effects of minocycline on spatial learning, hippocampal neurogenesis and microglia in aged and adult mice.","volume":"242","author":"Kohman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"R36-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e525","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2013.54","article-title":"Minocycline selectively inhibits M1 polarization of microglia.","volume":"4","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"R37-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.3109\/08923973.2010.544659","article-title":"Minocycline reduces prostaglandin E synthase expression and 8-isoprostane formation in LPS-activated primary rat microglia.","volume":"33","author":"Silva Bastos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol"},{"key":"R38-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.08.005","article-title":"Adjunct minocycline to clozapine treated patients with persistent schizophrenia symptoms.","volume":"133","author":"Kelly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"R39-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881112444941","article-title":"Minocycline benefits negative symptoms in early schizophrenia: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial in patients on standard treatment.","volume":"26","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"R40-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E06","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.11120376","article-title":"Successful use of add-on minocycline for treatment of persistent negative symptoms in schizophrenia.","volume":"25","author":"Jhamnani","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"R41-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-74","article-title":"Aspirin: a review of its neurobiological properties and therapeutic potential for mental illness.","volume":"11","author":"Berk","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"R42-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-95","article-title":"Aspirin-triggered lipoxin A4 attenuates LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses by inhibiting activation of NF-B and MAPKs in BV-2 microglial cells.","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"R43-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796462","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/796462","article-title":"Adult medication-free schizophrenic patients exhibit long-chain omega-3 fatty acid deficiency: implications for cardiovascular disease risk.","volume":"2013","author":"McNamara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"R44-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-12-16","article-title":"Modulating the inflammatory properties of activated microglia with docosahexaenoic acid and aspirin.","volume":"12","author":"Pettit","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"R45-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2012.08.002","article-title":"Effects of omega-3 dietary supplement in prevention of positive, negative and cognitive symptoms: a study in adolescent rats with ketamine-induced model of schizophrenia.","volume":"141","author":"Gama","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"R46-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.187","article-title":"Update on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in early-stage psychotic disorders.","volume":"37","author":"Amminger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"R47-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.2174\/138920112800784763","article-title":"Innovative treatment approaches in schizophrenia enhancing neuroplasticity: aerobic exercise, erythropoetin and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.","volume":"13","author":"Wobrock","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Biotechnol"},{"key":"R48-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-010-0336-7","article-title":"Estrogen or estrogen receptor agonist inhibits lipopolysaccharide induced microglial activation and death.","volume":"36","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"R49-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3371\/CSRP.GHFA.01062013","article-title":"Combination of estrogen and antipsychotics in the treatment of women with chronic schizophrenia: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.","volume":"6","author":"Ghafari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Schizophr Relat Psychoses"},{"key":"R50-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.03.016","article-title":"6-Shogaol, a ginger product, modulates neuroinflammation: a new approach to neuroprotection.","volume":"63","author":"Ha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"R51-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2011.05.006","article-title":"Toll-like receptors are key players in neurodegeneration.","volume":"11","author":"Arroyo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"R52-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2013.04.001","article-title":"The TRIPS (toll-like receptors in immuno-inflammatory pathogenesis) hypothesis: a novel postulate to understand schizophrenia.","volume":"44","author":"Venkatasubramanian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R53-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.10.018","article-title":"The interaction of nuclear factor-kappa B and cytokines is associated with schizophrenia.","volume":"65","author":"Song","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R54-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33598","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033598","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of treatment refractory schizophrenia in Han Chinese.","volume":"7","author":"Liou","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/YCO.0b013e328363b4da","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T07:47:49Z","timestamp":1620978469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00001504-201309000-00003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/yco.0b013e328363b4da","relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-7367"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-7367","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}}}