{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T11:30:31Z","timestamp":1775302231002,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To systematically assess the discrimination and calibration of the Intracerebral Hemorrhage score for prediction of short-term mortality in intracerebral hemorrhage patients and to study its determinants using heterogeneity analysis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Data Sources:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and CENTRAL from inception to September 15, 2018.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Study Selection:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Adult studies validating the Intracerebral Hemorrhage score for mortality prediction in nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage at 1 month\/discharge or sooner.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Data Extraction:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Data were collected on the following aspects of study design: population studied, level of care, timing of outcome measurement, mean study year, and mean cohort Intracerebral Hemorrhage score. The summary measures of interest were discrimination as assessed by the <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C<\/jats:italic>-statistic and calibration as assessed by the standardized mortality ratio (observed:expected mortality ratio). Random effect models were used to pool both measures. Heterogeneity was measured using the <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I<\/jats:italic>\n                                 <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> statistic and explored using subgroup analysis and meta-regression.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Data Synthesis:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Fifty-five studies provided data on discrimination, and 35 studies provided data on calibration. Overall, the Intracerebral Hemorrhage score discriminated well (pooled <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C<\/jats:italic>-statistic 0.84; 95% CI, 0.82\u20130.85) but overestimated mortality (pooled observed:expected mortality ratio = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78\u20130.97), with high heterogeneity for both estimates (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I<\/jats:italic>\n                                 <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> 80% and 84%, respectively). Discrimination was affected by study mean Intracerebral Hemorrhage score (\u03b2 = \u20130.05), and calibration was affected by disease severity, with the score overestimating mortality for patients with an Intracerebral Hemorrhage score greater than 3 (observed:expected mortality ratio = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.78\u20130.91). Mortality rates were reproducible across cohorts for patients with an Intracerebral Hemorrhage score 0\u20131 (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I<\/jats:italic>\n                                 <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 15%).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The Intracerebral Hemorrhage score is a valid clinical prediction rule for short-term mortality in intracerebral hemorrhage patients but discriminated mortality worse in more severe cohorts. It also overestimated mortality in the highest Intracerebral Hemorrhage score patients, with significant inconsistency between cohorts. These results suggest that mortality for these patients is dependent on factors not included in the score. Further studies are needed to determine these factors.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/ccm.0000000000003744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]],"date-time":"2019-03-21T11:48:29Z","timestamp":1553168909000},"page":"857-864","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Original Intracerebral Hemorrhage Score for the Prediction of Short-Term Mortality in Cerebral Hemorrhage: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Tiago","family":"Greg\u00f3rio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Vila Nova de Gaia Hospital Centre: Rua Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Fernandes, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal."},{"name":"Stroke Unit, Vila Nova de Gaia Hospital Centre: Rua Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Fernandes, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Pipa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Vila Nova de Gaia Hospital Centre: Rua Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Fernandes, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Cavaleiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, Algarve University Hospital Centre: Rua Le\u00e3o Penedo, Faro, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Atan\u00e1sio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Vila Nova de Gaia Hospital Centre: Rua Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Fernandes, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal."}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Hospital Centre: Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, Porto, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Castro Chaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Hospital Centre: Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, Porto, Portugal."},{"name":"Stroke Unit, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Hospital Centre: Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, Porto, Portugal."},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto: Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, Porto, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS) & Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto: Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, Porto, Portugal."}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e146","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000485","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics-2017 update: A report From the American Heart Association.","volume":"135","author":"Benjamin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R2-20230815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70340-0","article-title":"Incidence, case fatality, and 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