{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T22:25:54Z","timestamp":1771885554630,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Granulomatous skin diseases comprise an extensive group of pathologies whose diagnosis usually requires a histopathological examination. At this level, various types of granulomas can be distinguished, namely tuberculoid, sarcoid, necrobiotic, suppurative, xanthogranuloma, and foreign-body granulomas. This study aimed to determine the frequency and pattern of different granulomatous skin lesions in the Dermatopathology Department of Hospital de Santa Maria (Lisboa, Portugal). A retrospective study of all skin biopsies with granulomatous lesions received during a period of 10 years (2008\u20132017) was performed. Clinical and histopathological characteristics of the selected cases were analyzed, and the lesions were categorized according to histological type of granuloma and etiology. Foreign-body granulomas secondary to ruptured cyst, folliculitis, or suture material were excluded. From a total of 48,253 cutaneous biopsies performed in this period, 461 (1%) granulomatous lesions were included in our study. In the analysis according to type of granuloma, necrobiotic granulomas were the most frequent (N = 111; 27.0%), followed by sarcoidal (N = 72; 17.5%), tuberculoid (N = 51; 12.4%), suppurative (N = 45; 10.9%), foreign body (N = 40; 9.7%), and xanthogranulomas (N = 26; 6.3%). The remaining 20% corresponded to granulomas of other types. During these 10 years, the most frequent etiology was granuloma annulare (N = 98; 88.3%), followed by sarcoidosis (N = 47; 65.3%). Histopathology is a fundamental tool in the diagnosis of granulomatous skin diseases, allowing for the categorization of various types of granulomas and often guiding further investigation of these patients. The geographical area has an influence on the types of granulomas observed, as evidenced by comparing this study with others previously published.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/dad.0000000000001441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]],"date-time":"2020-02-21T04:51:43Z","timestamp":1582260703000},"page":"157-164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Granulomatous Skin Diseases in a Tertiary Care Portuguese Hospital: A 10-Year Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Catarina Soares","family":"Queir\u00f3s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Resident, Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal; and"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Uva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Specialist, Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Soares de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Specialist, Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Filipe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Specialist, Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal."}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230908","first-page":"164","article-title":"The granulomatous inflammatory response. 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Part 1: non-infectious granulomatous disorders","volume":"13","author":"Tronnier","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges."},{"key":"R8-20230908","first-page":"378","article-title":"Histologic features of granulomatous skin diseases","volume":"14","author":"Mitteldorf","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges."},{"key":"R9-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2016.12.017","article-title":"Introduction to inflammatory dermatoses: histological clues for the practicing pathologist","volume":"34","author":"Gru","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol."},{"key":"R11-20230908","first-page":"14240","article-title":"The histopathological profile of non-neoplastic dermatological disorders with special reference to granulomatous lesions\u2014study at a tertiary care centre in pondicherry","volume":"13","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Internet J Pathol"},{"key":"R12-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.2.338-381.2006","article-title":"The continuing challenges of leprosy","volume":"19","author":"Scollard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev."},{"key":"R14-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-012-9406-8","article-title":"Effect of smoking and gender on pulmonary function and clinical features in sarcoidosis","volume":"190","author":"Krell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lung."},{"key":"R15-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.03.054","article-title":"Granuloma annulare: clinical and histologic variants, epidemiology, and genetics","volume":"75","author":"Piette","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"R16-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.03.055","article-title":"Granuloma annulare: pathogenesis, disease associations and triggers, and therapeutic options","volume":"75","author":"Piette","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"R17-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200607060-00006","article-title":"Cutaneous sarcoidosis: the \u201cgreat imitator\u201d: etiopathogenesis, morphology, differential diagnosis, and clinical management","volume":"7","author":"Tchernev","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol."},{"key":"R19-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2006.00566.x","article-title":"Non-infectious granulomatous dermatitis: a clinicopathological study","volume":"33","author":"Mohan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol."},{"key":"R20-20230908","first-page":"301","article-title":"A histopathological study of granulomatous inflammations with an attempt to find the aetiology","volume":"5","author":"Pawale","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res."}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Dermatopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/DAD.0000000000001441","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T05:11:29Z","timestamp":1694149889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/DAD.0000000000001441"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/dad.0000000000001441","relation":{},"ISSN":["0193-1091"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0193-1091","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}}}